BIO 325 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Epigenetics, Methylation, Antibody
Document Summary
Eukaryotic gene regulation can occur at transcription initiation, transcript processing, mrna stability, mrna translation, protein modifications, and protein stability. Eukaryotic gene regulation mechanisms are more complex that prokaryotes because eukaryotes have chromatin, eukaryotic transcripts need more processing, and transcripts need to be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. In multicellular eukaryotes, complex gene regulation differentiates development for many cell types. E(cid:374)ha(cid:374)(cid:272)e(cid:396)s a(cid:396)e dna se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)es that (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e dista(cid:374)t f(cid:396)o(cid:373) a ge(cid:374)e"s p(cid:396)o(cid:373)ote(cid:396) a(cid:374)d a(cid:272)ts i(cid:374) pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)ula(cid:396) cell types to increase or decrease the amount of transcription relative to the basal level. Transcription factors are trans-acting and include basal factors that bind the promoter, and activators and repressors that bind enhancers. Activators (or repressors) bind the coactivator (or corepressor) that opens (or closes) the chromatin. Enhancers can have binding sites for many different activators and repressors, which allows them to impart temporal and cell type specifics in gene transcription.