BIO 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Messenger Rna, Cell Theory, Homeostasis

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ivorytrout555

31 Mar 2018

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Principle 1: cells are the simplest units of life. Principle 3: living organisms interact with their environment. Principle 4: living organisms maintain homeostasis: homeostasis: the process that allows living organisms to regulate their cells and bodies to maintain relatively stable internal conditions. Principle 5: living organisms grow and develop: growth produces more or larger cells, development: a series of changes in the state of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism, eventually results in an organism with defined characteristics. Principle 7: populations of organisms evolve from one generation to the next: evolution: populations of organisms change from one generation to the next; some organisms become more successful at survival and reproduction. Principle 9: structure determines function: pertains to tiny biological molecules as well as large biological structures. Principle 11: biology is an experimental science: biologists gather information, for a hypothesis, design one or more experiments to test out the validity of the hypothesis.

Related Questions

. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are linked in orderto provide you with energy from the food you eat.

Include in your essay:

Complete descriptions of photosynthesis and aerobicrespiration.
Describe how these two processes are linked between plants andanimals based on the reactants and products (water, carbon dioxide,glucose and oxygen) of both pathways.
Include a description of how energy is transferred fromsunlight to ATP, from ATP to sugars, and from sugars to yourcells.

2. In the absence of oxygen some cells and organisms can useglycolysis coupled to fermentation to produce energy from the sugarcreated by photosynthesis.

Explain the role of fermentation in allowing an organism togenerate energy for its cell(s) in the absence of oxygen.
Include any reactions required for this process, and explainhow the energy from the sun ends up as chemical energy for theanaerobic organism or cell.

3. Cells use enzymes as biological catalysts to increase oraccelerate the rate of reactions, such as those in photosynthesisor glycolysis. This allows reactions to occur under conditions thatsustain life.

Explain how an enzyme catalyzes a reaction. Include in youressay the three main steps of the cycle of enzyme-substrateinteractions.
How is enzyme activity regulated by the cell?

Reference

Audesirk, T., Audesirk, G., and Byers, B. (2008). Biology Ã¢â¬âLife on earth with physiology (8th Ed.). San Francisco, CA:Benjamin Cummings.

purplebear36

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

1-Metabolic pathways developed by the cells enabled severalthings. Which of the following is not one of them?

A) Synthesize the compounds it requires from smaller moleculeprecursors

B) Utilize catalysts for its reactions to accelerate them

C) Produce or utilize energy needed for the cellularactivities

D) Make its own oxygen

2. Cells carry out different metabolic reactions, in differentcompartments (= different enclosed organelles of the cell). Whichof the following are the reasons for this?

A) Protect the metabolism from unwanted environmentalfactors

B) Enclosure enables maintaining high concentrations of thecomponents without letting them diffuse away

C) More concentrated substances can react more readily, withincreased efficiency

D) All of the above

E) Only a and b

3.Which of the following developed during the evolution ofeukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

A) DNA

B) the cell membrane

C) nuclear membranes to form nucleus

D) ribosomes

E) proteins

4. Which three cellular components are present in bothprokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria

B) nucleus, ribosomes, RNA

C) RNA, DNA, ribosomes

D) endoplasmic reticulum, DNA, RNA

E) mitochondria, DNA, RNA

5.Phylogeny is

A) the science of biological classification based onmorphological features of organisms

B) the science of biological classification based on theevolutionary relationships between organisms.

C) the science of biological classification based onreproductive strategies.

D) the branch of science that studies phyllopods.

E) none of the above

6.Which of the following is False regarding mutations?

A) They are small changes in an individualâs geneticmaterial

B) All mutations are bad and cause diseases

C) Mutations that increases the chances of an individualorganism increases the possibility that this mutation is passed onto next generations

D) Mutations that are deleterious (damaging to the organism)tend to end with the organismâs death

7.Which of the following is NOT true about evolution theory?

A) It proceeds through random changes, that affect the abilityof the organism to reproduce and survive under existingenvironmental circumstances

B) Variations in individual organisms is better for survival andadaptation to changes, than being homogenous

C) All the changes in an organism are new, they were notdependent on preexisting features

D) Organisms continue to evolve; evolution has not stopped

10.In thermodynamics, the reaction (or organism or the materialwe are studying) of interest is called:

a) State

b) Universe

c) Matter

d) Energy

sangriawildebeest451

BIO 201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Messenger Rna, Cell Theory, Homeostasis

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