BIO 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Transfer Rna, Regulatory Sequence, Genetic Code

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11 Oct 2016

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Process of using info. in genes to make proteins, takes place in separate compartments in euk. Genes: a sequence of dna that contains info. to make 1+ proteins, provide instructions to make proteins. 2 stages: transcription: dna to mrna. 1st stage gene exp. , cells prod. molecules of mrna from instructions encoded within genes in dna: translation: mrna to protein. 2nd stage gene exp, mrna sequences: used to assemble corresponding amino acids to make a protein. Messenger rna (mrna): rna copy of an original dna seq. made during transcription. Rna polymerase: enzyme that carries out transcription, copies strand of dna into complementary strand of mrna. Ribosome: cellular machinery, assembles proteins during translation. Transcription: in euk. cells: in nucleus, in prok. cells: in cytoplasm, 1. Rna polymerase binds to regulatory seq. just ahead of gene"s coding region, dna strands unwind (expose coding seq. of gene: 2.

Related Questions

1. A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA, yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A. all genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome.

B.both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame.

C.RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA.

D.RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, which precedes the gene only on the template strand of DNA.

E.the start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene.

2. In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

True or False

3.The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

True or False

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

Place the following steps of protein synthesis in order from first(1) to last.

TATA binding protein attaches to the promoter region of agene.
Dehydration synthesis links adjacent amino acids to create adipeptide.
mRNA strand exits the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Large ribosomal subunit attaches to the mRNA transcript.

Determine whether each of the following statements is true offalse.

The promoter region of eukaryotic genes is identified by a seriesof guanine preceeding the TATA box followed by a series ofcytosine.

Transcription factors are the molecules which grab RNA nucleotidesand add them to the growing mRNA strand during transcription.

A eukaryotic cell needs to produce more hemoglobin. To increasetranscription of the gene for this molecule, the cell would likelyincrease the production of the transcription factors which targetthe promoter region of the gene.

The function of transcription is to allow cells to replicate theirDNA (i.e. make extra copies of DNA).

BIO 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Transfer Rna, Regulatory Sequence, Genetic Code

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