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BIOL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Bone Density, Ribosomal Rna, Gallstone

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indigobear617
1 Nov 2016
School
UTK
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 101
Professor
Jeremychandler

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Document Summary

Different and unique chemical side groups (provide dimensionality) Bond to form linear chains that fold in 3-d proteins base (shape determines function) Is the synthesis of a protein from a gene. Different nucleotide sequence that influences protein function. Transfer genetic information from dna to rna (occur in nucleus of eukaryotes) Mrna are synthesized from instructions encoded in genes. Copies strand of dna to make complementary strand of mrna. Mrna strand is formed detaches from dna sequence and leaves nucleus. Does not occur in nucleus (would take up too much room) Uses mrna sequence to assemble appropriate amino acid sequence of the protein. Need mrna, trna, ribosomes, dna, atp, enzymes. Make up ribosome subunits for functioning trna. Pairs with mrna and attached amino acids to make chains. Serves as the physical link between the mrna and the amino acid sequence of p. Molecular interpreter, carries amino acids and matches with codons using anti-codons.

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Related Questions

11

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11

Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

B

Free Oxygen radicals

C

Protein metabolism

D

Lipid metabolism

E

Carbohydrate metabolism

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12

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12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

B

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

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13

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13

The drug, cannabis, which is produced by the marijuana plant, is a byproduct of which reaction?

A

Dark reaction

B

Light reaction

C

Oxidative phosphorylation of plants

D

Glycolysis in plants

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14

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14

All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT:

A

It acts as an emulsifying agent for lipids and it is synthesized in the liver

B

It disperses globs of fat in the chyme into microscopic particles

C

It acts as an emulsifying agent on carbohydrates and is synthesized in the gall bladder

D

It exposes the large surface area of lipids to lipase

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15

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15

The carbon-nitrogen bond that connects amino acids together in a protein is referred to as which of the following?

A

Peptide bond

B

Covalent bond

C

Ionic bond

D

Octet bond

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16

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16

Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion?

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Small intestine

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Liver

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Pancreas

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Large intestine

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QuestionGroup: #17 Lipids

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All of the following are true about the liver EXCEPT:

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It receives all the blood from the intestinal system by way of the portal circulation.

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It produces iron directly with no need for having a food substrate

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It stores fats and carbohydrates for energy.

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It regulates blood glucose levels and synthesis of blood proteins

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QuestionGroup: #18 DNA

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18

This molecule controls the production of enzymes in animal cells.

A

It is DNA, a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells

B

It is RNA, the ancestor to DNA

C

It is a protein

D

It is DNA, a carbohydrate

E

It is DNA, a nucleotide which resides in the cytoplasm of the cell

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QuestionGroup: #19 DNA2

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19

Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the "central dogma"?

A

RNA to Protein to DNA

B

RNA to DNA to Protein

C

DNA to RNA to Protein

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Protein to RNA to DNA

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QuestionGroup: #20 Gene expression

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20

How many different kind of amino acids are necessary for mRNA to make proteins in humans?

A

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein.

B

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20

D

10

DNA Structure and Function LabReport

  1. DNA Structure
  2. Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?
  1. Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.
  1. Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?
  1. List the three components of a nucleotide.
  1. DNA Replication
  2. What is the purpose of DNA replication?
  1. How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?
  1. In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.

Original

New

C

A

G

T
  1. RNA Structure
  1. Describe the structure and function of RNA.
  1. Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.

DNA

RNA

C

A

G

T

  1. Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.

DNA

RNA

Sugars

Bases

Strands

  1. RNA Synthesis

  1. The process of assembling RNA is called _________.
  1. How is replication different from transcription?
  1. Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3’ end of the DNA strand and the 5’ end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.

DNA

3’

C

G

T

C

G

T

C

C

A

A

T

T

5’

mRNA

5’

3’

  1. Protein Synthesis

  1. What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?

  1. If a mRNA strand has the bases 5’ CUC 3’, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.

  1. Where in the cell does translation occur?
  1. Genes

  1. What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?
  1. Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.
  1. What causes sickle cell anemia?
  1. Gene Cloning
  1. What is the function of a plasmid?
  1. Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) binds to the TATA box sequence in eukaryotic promoters. What is its function in transcriptional initiation?

It blocks access of RNA polymerase to the promoter, until removed by general transcription factors.

It is the subunit of prokaryotic RNA polymerase that is required to recognize promoters.

It modifies histones so nucleosomes can be removed from DNA for transcription.

It bends and partly unwinds DNA at a promoter.

The genetic code is said to be “degenerate” because

there are more codons than amino acids.
there are more amino acids than codons.
different organisms use different codons to encode the same amino acid.
some codons specify more than one amino acid.

Three general mechanisms appear to be responsible for the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes

overexpression, point mutations, deletions
inversions, translocations, methylation
familial, sporatic, phosphorylation
None of the above account for the conversion of proto-oncogenes into oncogenes

Transcriptional control of genes that acts by regulating the continuation of transcription is called

induction
attenuation
antitermination
negative inducible control

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term used to describe this consistency is

redundant
resilient
universal
the central dogma

The F, G, and H loci are linked in the order written. There are 30 cM between F and G and 30 cM between G and H. If a plant Ff Gg Hh is testcrossed, what proportion of the progeny will be ff gg hh, assuming no interference?

0.7
0.3
0.245
0.15

DNA synthesis is always from 5’ to 3’ because

replication must be continuous
the strands are antiparallel
primers lack 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity
none of the above

The F, G, and H loci are linked in the order written. There are 30 cM between F and G and 30 cM between G and H. If a plant Ff Gg Hh is testcrossed, what proportion of the progeny will be ff gg hh, assuming no interference?

0.7
0.3
0.245
0.15

In the ZZ-ZW sex-determination system, if an AaBb female was crossed to an individual of genotype Aa Bb, what is the probability of a female offspring with the two dominant traits given by alleles A and B? Assume A and B are dominant alleles.

1/8
1/16
9/16
9/32