BIOL 2021 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12.9: Protein Targeting, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nuclear Pore
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28 Jan 2018
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An organelle is a membrane-bound compartment and ribosomes: contains its own set of enzymes and molecules, and systems to transport molecules from one compartment to another. Cytosol: space of the cytoplasm outside the organelles. Function of organelles is to: increase surface area of membranes, divide the cytoplasm into functionally specialized places. Four families of organelles: nucleus and cytosol, connected by nuclear pores, secretory and endocytic organelles, endoplasmic reticulum (er, golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, connected by transport vesicles, mitochondria, plastids chloroplasts and others (in plants only) The lumen of the er, golgi, lysosomes, and endosomes have the same topology as the outside of the cell. The nucleus and cytosol are topologically continuous. A: mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as endosymbiotic bacteria with their own genomes and proteins. double membranes are isolated from vesicle traffic. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are not connected topologically to anything. Organelles come from pre-existing organelles with their associated proteins because all cells come from pre-existing cells.
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