MCD BIO C141 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cytokinin, Myc, Protein Kinase

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jademoose794

15 May 2020

School

UCLA

Department

Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology

Course

MCD BIO C141

Professor

Jeffery Long

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Document Summary

Have a promoter where you attach to the gene of interest. Gene will report back expression that was turned. Trying to make a system to see where the plants genes are being created. This is about co-ip and seeing if cytokinin is interacting ahk4. More cytokinin=more ahk4 is isolated from the solution. As you add more co-ip, you should detect less binding because there is competition with the hot and cold proteins. A protein kinase which can phosphorylate another kinase and so on and so forth, which uses one atp. For the two compontent system, you don"t phosphorylate that much. Wus promoter has several possible type b arr binding sites. Type b must bind to some type of dna. Wus promoter is a dna sequence and type b binds to it to transcribe it. Do chip qpcr to determine the amount of binding interaction. Conjugating myc to arr1 allows for detection of antibodies in arr1.

Related Questions

A student written question: New Belgium Brewery creates its own yeast strains for brewing beer. Some yeast strains secret a toxic protein, which is not detectable until after the brewing process. Therefore the brewery must find a way to detect the yeast that secretes this toxic protein. Because they collaborate with Dr. Wolkow, a yeast-whiz, the brewery decides to hire you to work with Dr. Wolkow to make a cDNA expression library from the toxin-secreting strain. You decide to use a bacterial expression vector since it is easy to work with.

1. What components must the expression vector contain?

a. promoter, translation start sequence, cloned cDNA sequence, DNA polymerase

b. DNA ligase, translation start signal, cloned cDNA sequence, polyA tail

c. Shine-Dalgarno sequence, promoter, cloned cDNA sequence, antibody

d. promoter, Shine-Dalgarno sequence, cloned cDNA sequence, transcription termination sequence

2. Suppose the radioactive 3 antibody did not attach to any of the protein products. What can you conclude from this?

a. the toxic protein product is produced by all the yeast strains

b. the toxic protein product is produced by one or more of the yeast strains

c. the toxic protein product is not produced by any of the yeast

d. the yeast DNA was destroyed when the cells were lysed

3. Why would the brewer want to specifically use an expression vector rather than another type of vector?

a. It is specifically for eukaryotic DNA

b. It is used to produce the protein encoded by a cloned gene

c. It is only used for cloning cDNA sequences

d. They want to produce mRNA encoded by a cloned gene

4. This type of blot, where protein is transferred onto the membrane and is then hybridized to a tagged-antibody is a blot.

a. Southern

b. Northern

c. western

d. southwestern

byzantiumclam279

QUESTION 10

If you can drink milk as an adult, it means that you have inherited a mutation in the promoter of your lactase gene (the gene that encodes the enzyme you need to break down lactose). Predict the effect of this mutation:

		The mutation changes the number of domains in the enzyme, which makes it work more efficiently
		The mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the lactase protein
		The mutation increases the number of copies of the lactase gene that will be found in your genome
		The mutation changes whether the lactase sequence is found in an intron or exon
		The mutation affects the expression of the lactase gene

1.2 points

QUESTION 11

A competitive inhibitor is decreasing the activity of an enzyme. Predict the effect of adding more substrate to the reaction.

		The substrate will increase the reaction rate by binding to the allosteric site
		The substrate will increase the reaction rate by competing with the inhibitor for the active site
		The reaction rate will not change unless the inhibitor can be removed
		The enzyme adjusts its shape so that the substrate, but NOT the competitive inhibitor, can bind
		The substrate will bind to the competitive inhibitor and block its ability to bind to the enzyme

1.2 points

QUESTION 12

What determines where in the genome a transcription regulator will bind?

		Transcription regulators bind to the 5' UTR region of a gene
		Regulators bind via complementary base-pairing to certain DNA molecules
		Covalent bonds form between the transcription regulator and the atoms of the DNA backbone
		Every eukaryotic gene has a different transcription regulator that will bind to the 5' end of the gene
		Transcription regulators bind to specific DNA sequences via multiple weak non-covalent interactions

1.2 points

QUESTION 13

What is the basic premise of cell theory?

		DNA -> RNA -> protein
		All cells arise from pre-existing cells
		DNA provides the complete instructions to create a cell
		The identity of a cell is determined through gene expression patterns
		All cells contain the same four basic macromolecules

1.2 points

QUESTION 14

What is the benefit of using BOTH the lac activator and the lac repressor to control gene expression?

		Using both an activator and repressor enables cells to more accurately determine the amount of lactose available in the environment
		Enzymes to digest lactose are only made when energy is low and lactose is available
		The activator can override the inhibition of the lac operon by the repressor
		The repressor can control the enhancer, while the activator can control the promoter
		When neither the lac activator or repressor is present, expression of the lac operon is too high

1.2 points

QUESTION 15

What is the histone code used for?

		Phosphorylation and acetylation of DNA affect its ability to be compacted
		Changes to the sequence of DNA change whether DNA will wrap around histone proteins
		Covalent modifications of histones affect the ability of the transcription initiation complex to form
		Histones provide the codon sequences needed for translation to occur
		The histone code affects which amino acids will get added to a polypeptide

Which of the two major categories of the chemical reactions in photosynthesis is oxygen the INDIRECT product?

Glycolysis

Oxidative phosphorylation

Both light and dark

Light independent phase (LIP)

Light dependent phase (LDP)

You have a stomach flu characterized by vomiting. Which of the following systems is most responsible for the food in your stomach going the wrong way, e.g. vomiting? (Disregard this question and answer choice B)

Cardiac Muscle in the large intestine as discussed in class.

Smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract

Smooth muscle in the blood vessels

Skeletal muscle in the intestine

Proteins are made from which of the following smaller sub units?

Nucleotides

Amino acids that cannot enter the blood stream and go to cells

Monosaccharides

Fatty acids

Amino acids which can form new protein

Carbohydrates are digested in the gastrointestinal system into which of the following substances that is the smallest structure?

Polysaccharides that are produced by glucagon

Monosaccharides that are produced by insulin

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharide

Which of the following biomolecules has the longest digestion time? In other words, how long does it take for the biomolecule to be catabolized?

DNA

Lipid

Carbohydrate

Protein

You are sunburned after a long day at the beach. Which one is not an example of UV damage to your skin cells?

A mutation can occur in your ovaries

A mutation can occur in skin cell DNA that can lead to errors in transcription.

Errors can occur during DNA replication.

UV light can cause mutations in DNA of skins cells.

Thymine bases in your skin DNA bond with each other instead of across the double helix

This region, the ______________ (a) tells RNA polymerase where to bind to DNA while this region, the ______________ (b) tells RNA where to start transcription.

(a) promoter, (b) open reading frame

(a) start codon, (b) methionine

(a) promoter, (b) start site

(a) start site, (b) promoter

The genetic code is used to translate ______________ into ______________.

lipids, nucleotides

nucleotides,carbohydrates

nucleotides, lipids

nucleotides, amino acids

nucleosides, amino acids

Transcription of a gene has just completed. What are the next steps (in the correct order) to complete expression of that gene?

RNA polymerase makes a copy of DNA into mRNA.

mRNA is translated in the nucleus and ribosomal RNA moves into the cytoplasm.

Gene expression is completed after transcription.

mRNA moves into the cytoplasm and with tRNA they interact to form protein

Translation machinery moves into the nucleus and mRNA is translated into protein.

How is it that a mutation in DNA stored inside the nucleus of a cell can cause a disease affecting multiple organs?

This remains an unanswered question in science that scientists are still trying to figure out.

The mutated DNA is expressed in multiple cells through the process of transcription and translation, and the altered protein causes the disease wherever the DNA was expressed.

The mutated DNA is expressed in one cell and the altered protein travels to multiple organs to cause disease.

The mutated DNA is expressed and the mRNA takes the mutated information to other cells where the altered protein is made to cause disease in that organ.

The advantage of sickle cell anemia is which of the following?

It decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood cells so that mosquitoes carrying malaria will live

It decreases the amount of oxygen in the blood cells so that mosquitoe's blood form will die.

It allows the blood vessels to decrease the amount of blood going to the toes and feet.

There is none.

Which of the following is a purpose of cell division?

Cell reproduction

Growth

Repair

All of these

MCD BIO C141 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Cytokinin, Myc, Protein Kinase

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