BIO 189 Study Guide - Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology, Spliceosome, Post-Translational Modification

DNA Structure and Function Lab Report

Summary Questions

1. Name the three major components of DNA.

2. Which nitrogen bases pair within DNA?

3. What is the difference between replication, transcription, andtranslation?

4. Describe an advantage of genetic engineering.

5. List three differences between DNA & RNA.

6. If the base sequence on one DNA strand is 3’ CCTAGTTAG 5’, whatwill the sequence be on the other strand of the helix duringreplication?

7. If 3’ TGACCCATC 5’ serves as the template for transcription,what will be the sequence of nitrogen bases on the newly formed RNAstrand?

8. If a mRNA sequence is 3’ UAA 5’, give the amino acid coded forduring translation. Refer to the chart in Exercise 5 of theLab.

1. What is a codon?

2. What is the difference between a primary transcript and an mRNA molecule that is about to leave the nucleus? Name and describe the process that forms an mRNA from a primary transcript.

3. Which amino acid is the first to be coded when synthesizing a protein?

4. Describe what happens at each stage of transcription (initiation, elongation, termination).

5. What is the promoter region? Where is it found? What is its role?

6. What is the function of tRNA? Draw the molecule and label its components

7. What are the purposes of the E-site, the P-site and the A-site of a ribosome?

8. Describe translation i) initiation, ii) elongation, iii) termination

9. At which stages of translation is energy consumed?

What is DNA?

1. DNA is often referred to as a ladder. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the rungs of the ladder (the steps)?

2. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the sides of the ladder?

3. What types of bond occurs between the bases in the DNA molecule?

4. What makes up chromosomes? What is Gene?

5. How long does it take 1 cell to copy its genetic information? 6. How does the DNA copy itself so fast? What tricks does it use?

7. Describe how the bonds between base pairs work to hold the DNA strand together

DNA Replication

1. How many genes are in the human genome?

2. What are the differences between mRNA and DNA?

3. Where in the cell does transcription and translation occur? (give both places)

4. Which RNA piece reads the mRNA and how does it do this?

5. What is the start sequence? What amino acid does this code for?

6. What 3 codes tell ribosomal RNA to stop reading and release the protein?

DNA Extraction

1. List three differences between the virtual DNA extraction lab and the banana extraction lab you did last week.