BIO 189 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Dna Repair, Semiconservative Replication, Missense Mutation
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Document Summary
Study questions: describe the alpha helical structure of dna. What are the three major components of the dna molecule: what are the four major structural features of dna, the two strands of a dna molecule are anti-parallel. What is the amino acid sequence: describe the three stages of transcription. Describe the three stages of translation: after transcription how is the newly synthesized mrna modified, what is the function of the spliceosome, distinguish among messenger rna (mrna), ribosomal rna (rrna) and transfer. Study questions: what are the major metabolic processes used to breakdown glucose, how does the cell store energy, the starting product in glycolysis is glucose. Study questions: distinguish between the light and dark reactions in photosynthesis. Explain: insulin binds to the insulin receptor to produce the glucose transported protein. Trace out in general terms the steps from binding of the insulin molecules to the production of the glucose transporter protein: give an example of a second messenger.
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1. | In addition to identifying the genetic material, the experiments of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty with different strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that | ||||||||||
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2. | In order to show that DNA in cell extracts is responsible for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, important corroborating evidence should indicate that _______ also destroy transforming activity. | ||||||||||
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3. | Based on what you have learned about the experiments conducted by Griffith and Avery and colleagues with bacteria, which of the following would result in transformation of living R cells? | ||||||||||
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4. | A-T base pairs in a DNA double helix | ||||||||||
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5. | If 23 percent of the bases in a sample of double-stranded DNA are adenine, what percentage of the bases are uracil? | ||||||||||
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6. | The uniform diameter of the DNA structure provides evidence for | ||||||||||
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7. | If a sequence of one strand of DNA is 5â²-TGACTATC-3â², what is the complementary strand? | ||||||||||
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8. | What structural aspect of the DNA facilitates dissociation of the two DNA strands for replication? | ||||||||||
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9. | If the MeselsonâStahl density gradient experiment had resulted in two bands of DNA molecules after only one round of replication, one containing only 15N and the second only 14N, this result would have indicated that replication was | ||||||||||
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10. | The nucleoside analogue acyclovir, which is used to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, lacks a 3â² hydroxyl group (âOH). Predict what will happen if the host cell DNA polymerase incorporates a molecule of acyclovir into an elongating strand of HSV DNA. | ||||||||||
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11. | Which of the following does not demonstrate the stability of the DNA double helix? | ||||||||||
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12. | What effect would a primase inhibitor have on DNA replication? | ||||||||||
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13. | To replicate their DNA in a timely manner, most eukaryotic chromosomes | ||||||||||
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14. | Which statement about DNA replication is false? | ||||||||||
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15. | In many eukaryotes, there are repetitive sequences called telomeres at the ends of chromosomes. After successive rounds of DNA replication, the _______ strand becomes shorter. In some cells, an enzyme called _______ repairs the shortened strand. | ||||||||||
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16. | A researcher studies normal human fibroblast cells. They can be maintained in culture but die off after about 30 cell generations. Unexpectedly, a colony of cells continues to survive and divide past 30 generations. Which scenario is most likely true for these cells? | ||||||||||
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17. | If DNA polymerase III introduces an incorrect nucleotide, what is the first corrective action made by the DNA repair system? | ||||||||||
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18. | Choose the correct order of the following four events in the excision repair of DNA: (1) Base-paired DNA is made complementary to the template. (2) Damaged bases are recognized. (3) DNA ligase seals the new strand to existing DNA. (4) Part of a single strand is excised. | ||||||||||
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19. | Six complete cycles of PCR should result in a _______-fold increase in the amount of DNA. | ||||||||||
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20. | When double-stranded DNA is heated to temperatures above 90°C, it denatures. Denaturation is a process that | ||||||||||
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DNA Structure and Function Lab Report
Summary Questions
- Name the three major components of DNA.
- Which nitrogen bases pair within DNA?
- What is the difference between replication, transcription, andtranslation?
- Describe an advantage of genetic engineering.
- List three differences between DNA & RNA.
DNA | RNA |
- If the base sequence on one DNA strand is 3â CCTAGTTAG 5â, whatwill the sequence be on the other strand of the helix duringreplication?
DNA | 3â | C | C | T | A | G | T | T | A | G | 5â |
DNA | 5â | 3â |
- If 3â TGACCCATC 5â serves as the template for transcription,what will be the sequence of nitrogen bases on the newly formed RNAstrand?
DNA | 3â | T | G | A | C | C | C | A | T | C | 5â |
mRNA | 5â | 3â |
- If a mRNA sequence is 3â UAA 5â, give the amino acid coded forduring translation. Refer to the chart in Exercise 5 of theLab.