BIOL 112 Study Guide - Final Guide: Atp Synthase, Intermembrane Space, Lactic Acid

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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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Location in bacteria cytoplasm cytoplasm cytoplasm cytoplasmic membrane. Anaerobic respiration: uses a tea that is not oxygen (inorganic, etc: involves membrane bound proteins, large energy production. *lactic acid and alcohol fermentation = small atp yield. *uses organic molecules as tea: pyruvate oxidizes nadh -> lactate + nad, pyruvate -> co2 + ethanol. Eukaryotes: glycolysis (where? cytoplasm, input: glucose, 2xatp, output: 2xnadh, 2xpyruvate, 2xatp: acetyl co-a synthesis (where? matrix, input: 2xpyruvate, output: 2xnadh, 2xco2, 2xacetylco-a: krebs cycle (where? matix, input:2xacetylco-a, output: 2xcitrate, 4xco2, 2xatp, 2xfadh2, 6nadh membrane space: exergonice (-g) redox rxns, nadh and fadh2 reduced, ^^energy to pump h+ from matrix- >intermembrane space: atp synthase (facilitated diff) - endergonic (+g, etc: (where? matrix and inter. Pcr: (need: dna, dna primers, dna poly (taq), atgc: heated to separate strands, cooled for dna primers to bind to dna, dna poly synth dna. *leading strand 3" end towards replication fork extends end and permits copying of original strand supercoiling.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank in the following table:

metabolic cycle	location pro/ eukaryote	components	substrates	products	pathway purpose
embden- meyerhof- parnas (glycolysis)	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	10 enzymes
pentose phosphate pathway	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	dozen enzyme	1 Glucose (6 carbon), 1 NADP, 1ATP	1 Ribose-P (5 carbon) + 1CO2, 1NADPH, or sugars, 1 ADP	Nucleotide synthesis, NADPH for anabolism
PDH reaction	cytoplasm/ mitochondria matrix
TCA/ Krebs/ citric acid cycle					generation of high energy electron carriers, provide metabolic precursors
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (aerobic respiration)
Electron transport chain + ATP synthase (anaerobic respiration)			1Nitrate or sulfate or CO2, 1NADH + ____ ADP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ADP	N2, or NO2 or H2S or CH4 1NAD + ____ ATP Or 1FADH2+ ____ ATP	Generate proton motive forces abd use to generate ATP regenerate NAD+
Fermentation	cytoplasm/ cytoplasm	1 or more enzymes (vary by organism)	1 pyruvate, 1 NADH	1 alcohol or acid (maybe 1 CO2) NAD+	Regenerate NAD+

1) In Eukaryotic cells, Glycolysis occurs in the __________,Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle occur in the ________,and the electron transport chain is in the _____________.

a) Mitochondrial matrix; Mitochrondrial inner membrane;Cytoplasm

b) Cytoplasm; Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Mitochondiralmatrix

c) Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Cytoplasm; Mitochondrialmatrix

d) Cytoplasm; Mitochondrial matrix; Mitochrondrial innermembrane

e) Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Mitochondrial Matrix;Cytoplasm

2) We can detect tyrosinase among thousands of other proteins ina mushroom extract (in a solution or in-gel) because:

a) Its bigger than other proteins

b) Its smaller than other proteins

c) Its more charged than other proteins

d) It reacts with a specific substrate to produce a coloredproduct

e) It converts a specific colored substrate to a colorlessproduct

3) The highest energy carrier (transfer molecule) in cellsis:

a) NADH

b) FADH2

c) ATP

d) GTP

e) Acetyl- coA

amaranthimpala502

1.) Certain complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain pump protons. Which of the following BEST describes the movement of protons in this situation?

a.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the cytoplasm to the intermembrane space

b.) across the outer mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the cytoplasm

c.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the intermembrane space to the matrix

d.) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, from the matrix to the inter membrane space

2.) Which regulatory mechanism is activated when the overall energy availability of a cell is high?

a.) Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

b.) ADP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

c.) ATP inhibits phosphofructokinase-1.

d.) AMP up-regulates phosphofructokinase-1.

3.) Electron carriers are oxidized during which of the following reactions?

a.) glycolysis

b.) citric acid cycle

c.) electron transport chain

d.) the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coA

e.) all of the above

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BIOL 112 Study Guide - Final Guide: Atp Synthase, Intermembrane Space, Lactic Acid

BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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