1. In a hospital laboratory, a 10.0mL sample of gastric juice, obtained several hours after a meal, was titrated with 0.1M NaOH to neutrality; 2mL of NaOH was required. The patient’s  stomach  contained no ingested food or drink, thus assume that no buffers were present. What was the pH of the gastric juice?

We compared control samples with samples that had been treated with amylase and measured the pH using a pH indicator. When the solution becomes orange or red, it indicates that the starch has been digested.

We compared control samples with samples that had been treated with amylase and used a Benetict's test for Reducing Sugar. When Benedict's turns orange/red it indicates that starch has been digested.

We compared control samples the sample to been treated with amylase and observed which had become liquefied. The solution becomes liquefied, it indicates that the starches have been digested.

Compare control samples with samples that had been treated with amylase. Benedict's turns light blue it indicates that starch has been digested.

When the bolus hit the stomach, the amylase enyzmes continue to function and starch digestion continues.

When the bolus hit the stomach, the amylase enyzmes denature and cease to function and starch digestion stops.

When the bolus hit the stomach, the amylase enyzmes denature and cease to function. However, starch digestion continues because pepsin continues the digestion of starch.

Gastroenterology Consultation Report

Reason for Consultation: Evaluation of recurrent epigastric and LUQ pain with anemia.

History of Present Illness: Patient is a 56-year-old male. He reports a long history of mild dyspepsia characterized by burning epigastric pain, especially when his stomach is empty. Over-the-counter antacids have relieved this pain. Approximately two weeks ago, the pain became significantly worse; he is also nauseated and has vomited several times.

Past Medical History: Patient’s history is not significant for other digestive system disorders. He had a tonsillectomy at age 8. He sustained a compound fracture of the left ankle in a bicycle accident at age 11 that required surgical fixation. More recently he has been diagnosed with an enlarged prostate gland, and surgery has been recommended. However, he would like to resolve this epigastric pain before going forward with the TUR.

Results of Physical Exam: CBC indicates anemia, and a fecal occult blood test is positive for blood in the feces. A blood test for Helicobacter pylori is positive. Erosion in the gastric lining was visualized on an upper GI. Follow-up gastroscopy found evidence of mild reflux esophagitis and an ulcerated lesion in the lining of the pyloric section of the stomach. This ulcer is 1.5 cm in diameter and deep. There is evidence of active bleeding from the ulcer. Multiple biopsies were taken, and they were negative for gastric cancer. IV Tagamet relieved the painful symptoms in two days.

Assessment: Peptic ulcer. Gastric cancer has been ruled out in light of the negative biopsies.

Recommendations: A gastrectomy to remove the ulcerated portion of stomach is indicated because the ulcer is already bleeding. Patient should continue on Tagamet to reduce stomach acid. Two medications will be added: Keflex to treat the bacterial infection and iron pills to reverse the anemia. Patient was instructed to eat frequent small meals and avoid alcohol and irritating foods.

This patient reports LUQ pain. What does LUQ stand for and what organs do you find there?

This patient had two diagnostic tests that indicated he was losing blood. Name these two tests (no abbreviations).

This patient had a procedure to visually examine the ulcer. Name the procedure done.

Name the serious pathological condition that was ruled out.