When was the idea of the “Muslim World” invented? Discuss some sources and circumstances of the idea? How is it different or relatedto the invention of “the Middle East”?

Who and when invented world's first aeroplane?

How did new theories and inventions of the Scientific Revolution impact religion and the popularity of democracy?

What is the main ideas reflected in these sources?

• a)

• b) It was for all the members of the Cabinet relief. Never before had a declaration of war been welcomed with such satisfaction. France having done all that was incumbent upon her to maintain peace and war having nevertheless become inevitable, it was a hundred times better that we should not have been led, even by repeated violation of our frontiers, to declare it ourselves. It was indispensable that Germany, who was entirely responsible for the aggression, should be led into publicly confessing her intentions. If we had had to declare war ourselves, the Russian alliance would have been contested, national unanimity would have been smashed, it would probably have meant Italy would have been forced by the clauses of the Triple Alliance to side against us.
• c) "I am not a man who believes that we Germans bled and conquered thirty years ago...in order to be pushed to one side when great international decisions call to be made. If that were to happen, the place of Germany as a world power would be gone for ever, and I am not prepared to let that happen. It is my duty and privilege to employ to this end without hesitation the most appropriate and, if need be, the sharper methods."