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Bartosz Pilaczyński

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Architecture3Project Management2History7Law1English12Business6Science6Sociology2Ethics1Information Technology2Algebra4Engineering1Computer Science5Accounting1Biology9Mathematics4Statistics4Physics7Finance3Economics1Chemistry22
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1.The Ice Chalet offers dozens of different beginning ice-skating classes. All of the class names are put into a bucket. The Monday night (ages 8 to 12) beginning ice-skating class was picked. In that class, there were 64 girls and 16 boys. Suppose that we are interested in the true proportion of girls (ages 8 to 12) in all beginning ice-skating classes at the Ice Chalet. Assume that the children in the selected class are a random sample of the population.

Define the random variable X.

a. the number of beginning ice-skating classes b. the time of the beginning ice-skating class     c. the number of girls, ages 8 to 12, in the beginning ice-skating class d. the number of boys, ages 8 to 12, in the beginning ice-skating class e. the total number of children in beginning ice-skating classes   2. A poll of 1,200 voters asked what the most significant issue was in the upcoming election. Sixty-five percent answered the economy. We are interested in the population proportion of voters who feel the economy is the most important.

What would happen to the confidence interval if the level of confidence were changed from 90% to 95%?   a. The confidence interval would become narrower because it would have to account for more variation. b. The confidence interval would become wider because it would have to account for more variation.     c. The confidence interval would become narrower because it would have to account for less variation. d. The confidence interval would become wider because it would have to account for less variation. e. There would be no change.
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Question 3:

Please read the entire scenario and ALL questions below before you start to answer so you know the whole scope of the questions you’re being asked.

 Scenario:

You are the lead of a forensic toxicology team and calling all the shots. You have just been given a new case, where you must try and determine if John Doe, the person you are doing an autopsy on, was the victim of foul play – a suspected poisoning.

 John Doe arrived at the emergency room of a hospital one day ago alive but unconscious. The following samples were collected upon admission:

• Blood (A).

• Urine (B).

• Hair (C).

After being admitted for one day (24 hours), John Doe died with no cause of death reported. John Doe’s body arrives at your facility for autopsy along with the samples A, B, and C. You further collect the following samples:

• Liver (any part) (D).

• Stomach contents (E).

• Lungs (F).

• Vitreous humor (G).

• Hair (H).

• Blood (I).

• Urine (J).

After reading the scenario answer the following questions:

1. You only have enough time/money to process and analyze 4 of the samples (A-J). Indicate which 4 samples you would select and explain why you chose those samples (each sample has a letter associated with it (A-J); use this letter when answering the question). In your explanation you should discuss why each sample individually was chosen and any benefits there might be from the samples complementing each other. Also include in your answer the key factor that must be considered with respect to all samples and explain how you accommodated this with you sample choices. (5 marks)

2. Once you have chosen your samples, you will need to perform some form of chromatography on each one before you can start to analyze them for any poison. Indicate which method of chromatography you would choose for each sample. You can use more than one method of chromatography on a single sample or use the same method on all samples – as long as you explain how that method of chromatography works and why it’s appropriate for each sample. As part of your answer, discuss if each sample would need pre-treatment before being subjected to chromatography and what the pre-treatment would be. (6 marks)

3. Now that you have prepared your samples you must visualize and quantify your results using mass spectrometry. Select an ionization method for each sample that you prepared in question 2 above, describe how it works, and why it is ideal for that specific sample. (6 marks)

4. Describe what you need to do in question 3 above in order to be able to quantify your sample? (2 marks)

5. What if you were presenting your mass spectrometry results in court and had a peak at an m/z of 542.3 and you stated in your findings that this corresponds to a unique fentanyl analogue, which killed John Doe. Describe what you would need to do to provide this proof and why the proof is needed? (4 marks)

 

 

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Edward Witten - How Do Scientific Breakthroughs Happen? Closer To Truth

"Asymptotic freedom," the last big breakthrough, was discovered by Gross, Wilcheck and Pulitzer just before I started my graduate school. It took me a year to understand what was happening in the world of physics. The standard model involved new mathematics unfamiliar to both physicists and mathematicians at the time, and whose exploration proved to be very rich.

The standard model is based on a nonlinear version of Maxwell's equations, where two waves interact and scatter each other but cannot be treated classically the way light waves can be treated, so it has to be treated quantum mechanically. In 1976, right after I finished my graduate school, there was a breakthrough in the math of nonbillion gauge theory applied to these strong interactions.

In 1982 and 1983, John Schwartz, Michael Green and Lars Brink made enough progress in string theory that I started to take their work seriously, though I knew it was a long-term proposition. In 1984, a colleague who had just returned from Aspen mentioned the development that had been achieved, and at that instant, I knew I would be working on string theories because it was like magic.

The breakthrough of Green and Schwartz in August 1984 made the difficulties in elementary particle physics go away. It had a huge impact on me, and I was sure that my interest would never be the same again. By the mid-1980s, I had caught up to where others were. As a graduate student, I was obsessed with the fact that the equations of the Standard Model are challenging to solve because the quantum effects are significant.

In 1994, Cyborg and I collaborated on an interesting instance of what people in the physics and mathematics fields call "Cyborg written theory." The equations of the Standard Model are tough to solve because quantum effects are large, and it proved to be particularly captivating.

The story that I presented in a lecture at USC (University of Southern California) in 1995, where I sort of unified the string theories, really resulted from an attempt to disprove some of them. In 1995, I was successful in doing something similar for string theory. I tried to reduce the number of string theories by showing that some were inconsistent.

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