ajaypalsingh

Explain the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation occurring in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, and where in respiration does each occur? How does chemiosmosis fit in?

Why does rotenone inhibit oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is pyruvate but not when it's succinate?

Write the thermochemical equations for the following reactions.

Combustion of 1 mol ethanol which yields carbon dioxide and water releasing 1366. 8 kilojoules of heat energy.

1. Match each numbered compound with its behavior: (1) rotenone, (2) dinitrophenol, (3) antimycin A.

(a) Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is pyruvate but not when the substrate is succinate.

(b) Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is either pyruvate or succinate.

(c) Allows pyruvate to be oxidized by mitochondria even in the absence of ADP.

Oligomycin B and cyanide both inhibit oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is either pyruvate or succinate. Dinitrophenol can be used to distinguish between these inhibitors. Explain.

Discuss the problems of obesity in the U.S. Be sure to citehealth problems associated with the disease, current and potentialsolutions, and factors that contribute to obesities (cultural,personal, and societal)

1. Observe your environment for an hour. Make a list of mass communication messages you observe for a one hour period of time. Share your list here.

Most restaurants dispose of cooking oil and grease in an environmentally sound way to avoid contaminating municipal sewer systems. One method they can use is bioaugmentation, which uses microorganisms to metabolize oils into bacterial biomass, carbon dioxide, and water. However, this process can create unpleasant odours, which are undesirable in a food service setting. How do symbiotic bacteria use metabolic processes to produce biohydrogen from food waste? How are microbes used in the bioremediation of contaminated groundwater sites? 

A common practice for government entities, particularly schools, is to issue short-term (promissory) notes to cover daily expenditures until revenues are received from tax collection, lottery funds, and other sources. School boards approve the note issuances, with repayments of principal and interest typically met within a few months. The goal is to fully cover all expenses until revenues are distributed from the state. However, revenues distributed fluctuate due to changes in collection expectations, and schools may not be able to cover their expenditures in the current period. This leads to a dilemma—whether or not to issue more short-term notes to cover the deficit. Short-term debt may be preferred over long-term debt when the entity does not want to devote resources to pay interest over an extended period of time. In many cases, the interest rate is lower than long-term debt, because the loan is considered less risky with the shorter payback period. This shorter payback period is also beneficial with amortization expenses; short-term debt typically does not amortize, unlike long-term debt. Based on this information, compose a paper that addresses the following:

• What would you do if you found your school in this situation?
• Would you issue more debt? Explain.
• Are there alternatives? Explain.
• What are some positives and negatives to the promissory note practice? 
  • Please explain at least two positives and at least two negatives.

You are provided with a 100-microliter sample consisting of only two proteins in phosphate-buffered saline:

Troponin     molecular mass = 30 kilodaltons

Filamin        molecular mass = 280 kilodaltons

Assume that your laboratory group has sufficient funds and contacts to purchase a custom-application mini column to purify these two proteins.   

Given the choice between using SIZE EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY or HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY, which one would be the most likely choice in this case?      

 WHY?  

 For your chosen method: How does it work?  

How does the presence of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analogue affect cAMP-dependent receptor systems?

When chelating agents are used as anticoagulants, why is it vital that these agents bind divalent cations (ions with a 2+ charge)?