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13 Dec 2019

Please type the answer which has two part

A) Why is it possible to have a DNA mutation that doesn’t lead to a change in the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

B) Why are insertion and deletion mutations often much more harmful to organisms than base substitution mutations?

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Bunny Greenfelder
Bunny GreenfelderLv2
17 Dec 2019
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Related questions

Use the universal genetic code, wherever applicable, to determine amino acid sequence.

ATG CTA GAG GTG TAA

A. Translate the DNA sequence to make a protein.

B. Show the effect of an insertion, deletion, and substitution on the sequence of DNA provided.

C. Which of the above mutations will result in a shift in the reading frame?

D. What type of substitution mutation (missense, silent, and non-sense) was introduced in your sequence?

The effect of base-pair substitution mutations on protein function varies widely from no detectable effect to the complete loss of protein function (null allele).

Part A Why do the functional consequences of base-pair substitution vary so widely? Select the four correct answers.

1. Nucleotide substitutions might not cause changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein.

2. The reading frame of the gene could be affected by base-pair substitution mutations, which almost always leads to lack of function.

3. Nucleotide substitutions in exons always lead to changes of amino acids in the protein.

4. The reading frame of the gene could be affected by base-pair substitution mutations, which rarely leads to lack of function.

5. Missense mutations create amino acid substitutions, which might affect protein functionality.

6. Mutations that occur in the intron sequences generally do not affect protein functionality.

A) Briefly describe how base analogs and ionizing radiation cause mutations in DNA. Also state what class of mutation – point, insertion/deletion (indel), chromosomal – will be created for each one.

B) Give an example of a base analog, and of ionizing radiation.

C) Nitrous acid (NA) deaminates adenine to form hypoxanthine, which forms two hydrogen bonds with cytosine during DNA replication. After a wild type strain of bacteria is treated with NA, a mutant is recovered that is caused by an amino acid substitution in a protein: wild type Met has been replaced with Val in the mutant. What is the simplest explanation for this observation?

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