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12 Dec 2019

Write a 500-750 word essay about global warming that addresses the following points:

What is global warming?

Describe how human activities impact global warming

Explain what an individual can do to minimize his/her contribution to global warming.

Remember to support your data and information with appropriate citations. A minimum of two references must be included.

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10 Aug 2022

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4. Thoroughly describe the effects of melting land ice and snow - such as glaciers in Greenland and the Himalayas - on the environment and on people. Describe the positive feedback mechanisms involved. (1.5 points)

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Comprehensive Final Essay: Perverse Subsidies
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General guidelines for completing the Assignment-1

1. You are required to work independently on one of the two cases listed for the assignment.

2. You may choose to search for the information online or in standard text books, research journals, online resources of biomedical research, pharmacogenomics knowledge base, etc.

3. You are required to list items of literature referred to at the end of the narrative under the subheading âReferencesâ. You are encouraged to refer to the original research publications where applicable and cite in the text. Citations in the narrative should be numeric as per the list of references.

4. Please Be Independently Dependent on the resources.

5. Expectations in regards to the required key points of information, are provided for individual cases.

6. Limit the entire narrative to not more than two pages including references.

Timo is a healthy high school student with good dietary habits. He lives with his family in the suburbs of Lexington, KY. He started working part-time to save some money for an international travel that he is hoping to do after high school graduation. Timo has been experiencing lots of fatigue during his regular sport ever since he started working part-time that involves lots of physical activity. He has been very cautious about his diet; he has never missed multivitamins and five servings of veggies/fruits. Timo met with the family care physician. Following the checkup and lab tests, he was suggested to take an OTC product containing L-methyl folate regularly and was scheduled for followup. Timo felt better after taking the OTC product for two weeks however he wanted to see the provider to better understand his situation. He was suggested to continue taking the L-methyl folate especially when he feels fatigued. Furthermore he was given an option of genetic tests for a particular gene so that his condition could be better-explained with a long-term plan for self-care. Timoâs family could not support the genetic testing however he was strongly interested in knowing about his condition and how genes matter.

Investigate and synthesize pharmacogenomics of this case? Your narrative should contain but not limited to the following information:

1. What is the most relevant gene to be tested for variants in this individual? How many genetic variants for this particular gene are reported? What are the major variants? 2 points

2. What is the prevalence of major variants in different ethnic groups? 2 points

3. Describe the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of the mutations (nucleotide or amino acid switch) in the major variants? 2 points

4. What happens if this individual is given folic acid continuously instead of L-methyl folate? (list and discuss in context not more than two clinical conditions excluding fatigue) 2 points

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Question:

Organisms living in Antarctica are thought to be particularly susceptible to change in climatic conditions. How might future climate changes affect the distribution of Antarctic organisms?

Describe the current Antarctic climate and factors that are likely to affect environmental change. Make predictions about future changes to the environment and how this might impact the distribution of organisms in the region.

Below has the format that it could be answered.

below the template, it has exampler template with different topic.

------ template

What do you think is the answer to the question? / What is your perspective on the topic? This is your stance or thesis.

Why do you think this? Give at least three supporting reasons (main points)

-
-
-

Use your stance and supporting points to build your plan. For each main point give a brief explanation, some evidence and/or examples you will use to support it. Provide references where appropriate.

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction:

(What does the reader need to know to understand the essay? Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword)

Proposed thesis statement:

II. Body - The number of body paragraphs will vary from essay to essay, you choose how many you need.

- Topic sentence:

(Include the main point making it clear how it supports your stance)

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references with each fact (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

- Topic sentence (include the topic and how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

-Topic sentence (include the topic or how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword

III. Conclusion:

(What are the broad implications of the essay?)

DRAFT WRITING

Introduction and first body paragraph

------- exampler template with different topic

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction

Climate change

Process of OA

Somehow lead to SO

Thesis Statement : All organisms living bathed in an acidic environment will incur a metabolic cost as a result of the energy expended to maintain functioning cell chemistry this results in reduced growth and reproductive outputs. As a consequence population numbers will drop with a flow on reduction in overall ecosystem biomass and diversity.

II. Body

Main Point: OA has a metabolic cost for all marine organisms and affects growth, reproduction and nutrient value as a food source.[CA2]

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)) :

Most pronounced in small organisms but is variable and dependant on pH

e.g. krill, gill & haemolymph regulation issues (Flores et al, 2012) ;

e.g. phytoplankton, reduced nutritional value;

e.g. shell forming organisms dissolution of CaCO₃ shells e.g. pteropods

Main Point: The metabolic cost on the individual results in lower numbers of individuals in a population.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

This cost results in reduced fertilisation, extended larval development time, deformities

e.g. seastar (Gonzalez-Bernat et al, 2014) detail effects at different pH levels;

e.g. urchin (Sewell et al 2014)

Main Point: A reduction in biomass of any one species has flow on effects up and down the food chain and could be especially pronounced in the unique Southern Ocean ecosystem.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

SO characterised by high nutrient low productivity, âwasp-waistâ structure and short food chains

e.g. phytoplankton as primary producers

e.g. krill as important food source

e.g. pteropods as nutrient cyclers

Main Point: Reduced food availability will likely alter interspecific interactions and may result in some species being driven to extinction.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

a. competition will increase as a result of less food e.g. between larger birds and mammals as a flow on from loss of krill

b. shell forming species will be at greater risk of predation due to weaker shells

c. e.g. seastars as keystone species maintaining diversity

III. Conclusion

Effects at organism level will impact on total biomass of that species and those that depend on it for food, therefore the overall productivity and biomass of the SO ecosystem will be reduced and loss of species diversity is expected.

Other Ideas to Conclude:

Effects growth and reproduction and is especially costly for shell forming organisms.

Will see changes as a result of effects on organisms with key functions within the SO ecosystem.

Ideas to leave the reader with (clincher):

Global significance of effects of OA on SO (something related to carbon sink and sequestering of Carbon) or perhaps reminding reader that OA is only one consequence of climate change and that organisms will also be at risk from rising sea temps, melting ice, and invasive species.

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