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23 Nov 2019

According to the endosymbiotic theory, early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium. What happened to the bacterial genes?

a.

All of the bacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome.
b.

All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the mitochondrial genome.
c.

All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the chloroplast genome.
d.

Some bacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus, some were lost, and some comprise the mitochondrial genome.

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Nestor RutherfordLv2
26 Mar 2019
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Related questions

2.)

a.) Are viruses that infect Archaea different from other bacterial viruses?

Yes, they do not have protein coats because of the extreme conditions where they live.
No, they consist of nucleic acid and protein just like other bacterial viruses.
Yes, the structure of archaeal viruses is always completely different from other bacterial viruses.

Yes, they have only DNA genomes.

b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles?

The pox virus genome is replicated by DNA polymerase.
Adenoviruses attach to the cell and the nucleocapsid is taken up by the cell.
Pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes

c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome close to the termination sequence, far downstream of the promoter, and causes a silent mutation.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome in a repetitive noncoding region.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome, placing a promoter in a new location and turning on a gene that had previously been turned off.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome and causes a mutation in a promoter, turning off a gene that had previously been turned on.

d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc?

PrPC is just a protein and the PrPSc is a protein with nucleic acid inside.
The PrPC protein contains more beta sheets while the PrPSc protein contains more alpha helices.
The three-dimensional conformation is identical, but the amino acid sequence is different.
The amino acid sequence is identical, but the three-dimensional conformation is different.

Imagine that you are the head of a genome project to analyze the genome of a previously uncharacterized species of a tardigrade. Since this is an imaginary project, you can also imagine that you have as much money as you need, with all of the necessary equipment and qualified and contented colleagues to carry out the analysis. You and members of your lab have recently completed the sequencing of more than 250,000 ESTs or partial transcripts from this species, using many different developmental stages and ages as your source material. You have also been actively sequencing the genome itself so that these ESTs can be located and analyzed, although some of the genome sequence is not yet done.

a. What is a tardigrade and what biological or evolutionary questions might be approached from an analysis of its genome? What arguments would you use to persuade your investors and the grant-awarding agencies that the tardigrade genome project is worth pursuing?

b. What is some of the information you will obtain from genome sequencing that you will not obtain from sequencing ESTs?

c. What is some of the information will you obtain by sequencing ESTs that you will not get from sequencing the genome itself?

d. Describe how you will use the ESTs in combination with the genome sequence to identify protein-coding genes and begin to annotate the genome.

*Genetics- please answer in great detail

HELP WITH BIO MULTI CHOICE QUESTIONS:

QUESTION 2

Which of the following structures discussed in class is NOT found on all bacteria?
Flagella
Capsid
Fimbria
Plasma membrane


QUESTION 3
You are presented with a strain of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. What steps would you take to confirm that you have a resistant bacterium?
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-negative bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-negative bacteria.

QUESTION 4
With respect to bacterial growth into a fresh culture tube containing nutrient broth, at which phase do organisms undergo binary fission the most rapidly?
Lag phase
Stationary
Exponential
death

QUESTION 5
How would antibiotic resistance be passed from one bacterium to another bacterium?
Through the flagella via a plasmid.
Through the sex pilus via chromosomal DNA.
Through the sex pilus via a plasmid.
Through the flagella via chromosomal DNA.

QUESTION 6
When an F plasmid integrates into the host chromosome, the strain is referred to as

Hfr.
F'.
F-.
F+.

QUESTION 7
If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram-positive cell, it would still stain purple with a Gram stain (T/F).
True
False

QUESTION 8
During infection with a bacteriophage, bacterial DNA is packaged into a capsid and will:

be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon ligation.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon liagation.

QUESTION 9
Which of the following statements best describes most bacteria?
They are generally harmful.
They are limited to living in a few habitats.
They are very common in the environment.
They are responsible for the Γ’Β€Βœcommon cold.Ҁ


QUESTION 10
Prokaryotes lack some parts found in eukaryotic cells, including which item?
a nuclear membrane
DNA
one or more chromosomes
a plasma membrane
all of the above

QUESTION 11
With respect to gram negative bacteria, what is the order of the bacterial cell structure from outside to inside?
Thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane


QUESTION 12
In transformation, a piece of DNA from a dead host can be taken up by living host

True
False

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