4. Maximal production of ATP from glucose involves the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron- transport chain. Which of these reactions requires O2, and why? Which, in certain organisms or physiological condi- tions, can proceed in the absence of O2 5. Fermentation permits the continued extraction of energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. If glucose catabolism is anaerobic, why is fermentation necessary for glycolysis to continue? 6. Describe the step-by-step process by which electrons from glucose catabolism in the cytoplasm are transferred to the electron-transport chain in the inner mitochondrial mem- brane. In your answer, note whether the electron transfer at each step is direct or indirect.
Show transcribed image text4. Maximal production of ATP from glucose involves the reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron- transport chain. Which of these reactions requires O2, and why? Which, in certain organisms or physiological condi- tions, can proceed in the absence of O2 5. Fermentation permits the continued extraction of energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. If glucose catabolism is anaerobic, why is fermentation necessary for glycolysis to continue? 6. Describe the step-by-step process by which electrons from glucose catabolism in the cytoplasm are transferred to the electron-transport chain in the inner mitochondrial mem- brane. In your answer, note whether the electron transfer at each step is direct or indirect.
Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?
a.
2
b.
34
c.
36
d.
6
e.
12
1 points
QUESTION 3
The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?
a.
Electron transport chain
b.
Anaerobic respiration
c.
Glycolysis
d.
Krebs cycle
e.
ATP-Synthase
1 points
QUESTION 4
The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H+ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a FADH2 molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.
a.
three; two
b.
three; three
c.
two; two
d.
two; three
1 points
QUESTION 5
Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?
a.
glucose, oxygen, ADP
b.
ATP, carbon dioxide
c.
oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
d.
ATP, glucose, oxygen
e.
glucose, ATP
1 points
QUESTION 6
What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?
a.
NADH molecules
b.
oxygen (O2)
c.
ATP
d.
NADH and FADH2 molecules
e.
The H+ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space
1 points
QUESTION 7
Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 8
Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.
a.
three; three
b.
two; two
c.
one; two
d.
two; three
e.
one; three
1 points
QUESTION 9
Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 10
The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 11
Glycolysis occurs:
a.
on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.
b.
in the cytosol.
c.
in the inner-membrane space.
d.
in the nucleus of the cell.
e.
in the matrix of mitochondria.
1 points
QUESTION 12
Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:
a.
the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.
b.
a buildup of lactic acid.
c.
an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
d.
the large amounts of CO2 building up in the muscle.
