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16 Jul 2018

which of the following components that are essential for rearrangement of the ig heavy and ig light loci are not utilized in rearrangement of the TCR loci?

A) RAG-1/2

B) Artemis

C) TdT

D) RSS sequences with spacers of 12 bp 23 bp

E) All of the above are essential for rearrangement of the TCR loci

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Related questions

(Problem 12c) In tomatoes, tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d) and smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent fruit (p), which is covered with fine hairs. A farmer has two tall and smooth tomato plants, which we will call plant A and plant B. The farmer crosses plants A and B with the same dwarf and pubescent plant and obtains the following numbers of progeny:

Porgeny of	Plant A	Pant B
Dd Pp	122	2
Dd pp	6	82
dd Pp	4	82
dd pp	124	4

!!!Please help. I do not know how to tell if this is coupling or repulsion to help me start the problem. please be detailed in your explanation. Thanks in advance.

Explain why different proportions of progeny are produced when plant A and plant B are crossed with the same dwarf pubescent plant.

A. The differences are due to sampling error and are statistically insignificant.

B. Plant A has the two loci in coupling configuration; Plant B has the two loci in repulsion.

C. Plant A has the two loci in repulsion; Plant B has the two loci in coupling configuration.

D. The two plants have different linkage maps for the two genes. E. The two loci are located on a region of the chromosome that has undergone a deletion in plant B compared to plant A.

True / False Questions

01. _____ Antibody is composed of 2identical long heavy chains and 2 identical shorter lightchains.

02. _____ Variable (V) and constant(C) regions are part of both heavy and light chains.

03. _____ Variable regions for heavyand light chains from the same antibody molecule are alwaysidentical.

04. _____ Variable region of lightchains are encoded by the DNA sequences that contain rearranged V,D, and J segments.

05. _____ Fc part of the antibody isnot important, F(abâ)₂ fragment has the same binding andeffector capacity.

06. _____ Fab fragments are generatedby alternative splicing.

07. _____ J chain is used as asurrogate light chain during pre-B cell receptor testing forsuccessful V(D)J rearrangement.

08. _____ Binding of the antigen byantibody is stabilized by disulfide bonds.

09. _____ RAG1/2 are always expressedin B cells at high level, because B cells need RAG1/2 to constantlyrearrange their V regions.

10. _____ âNâ (non template)nucleotides are added by TdT.

11. _____ The 12/23 rule is appliedduring class switching.

12. _____ For B cells, V(D)Jrecombination occurs only in the bone marrow.

13. _____ The process of somatichypermutation helps to improve specificity of the antibody.

14. _____ In late pro-B cells, Vsegment is rearranged with DJ segments.

15. _____ Failure to eliminateself-reactive B cells may lead to serious autoimmune diseases.

16. _____ Mature, naÃ¯ve B cellsexpress IgD and any of the other classes of antibody (IgM, IgG,IgA, or IgE) on their surfaces.

17. _____ B1 cells are present in theperitoneal cavity, pleural spaces and brain.

18. _____ AID (activation inducedcytidine deaminase) is expressed only in B cells and it canintroduce breaks in double stranded DNA.

19. _____ Different classes (isotypes)of antibodies have different effector functions, which aretriggered by special receptors expressed by a variety of cells.

20. _____ Plasma cells are terminallydifferentiated cells that produce large quantities ofantibodies.

21. _____ Repeated exposure to thesame antigen eventually leads to immunological exhaustion and lackof immunity, because there is no room for new plasma cells in thebone marrow.

22. _____ Germinal centers arespecialized sites within the bone marrow where Ig genes ofactivated B cells undergo affinity maturation.

23. _____ B cells can present antigensto T helper cells.

24. _____ Co-stimulatory molecules arerequired for efficient generation of memory B cells.

25. _____ Lymphocytes migrate to thelymphoid tissues in response to chemokines.

26. _____ Class switching duringgerminal center reaction is a random process.

27. _____ T cell independent responsescan generate strong and long lasting B cell memory.

28. _____ Fc receptors that arepresent on many different cell types are crucial for removal of thepathogens.

29. _____ The ideal vaccine should bedesigned to mimic the natural course of infection without causingsymptoms of the disease.

30. _____ The protective immunity canbe generated against any pathogen because there is virtuallyunlimited number of possible V regions, thus any antigen can berecognize by an antibody.

oliverhinoceros960

You have four pure-breeding strains of mice that all have white fur. Crosses between brown females from a wild-type strain and white males from your four strains produce only brown progeny, indicating that all four strains carry a recessive mutation that causes white fur. You cross all of the white strains to each other as indicated in the table below, and record the fur color of the offspring.

Mother strain Father strain Progeny

Cross #1 A B brown

Cross #2 A C brown

Cross #3 A D white

Cross #4 C B white

Cross #5 D B brown

Cross #6 D C brown

Cross #7 B A brown females, white males

Cross #8 C A brown females, white males

Cross #9 D A white

Cross #10 B C white

Cross #11 B D brown females, white males

Cross #12 C D brown females, white males

Complete the following table of progeny genotypes from the crosses listed above. You will need as many loci (columns) as there are number of different genes carrying white-fur mutations (this may be more or fewer than three loci). In each row indicate the genotype of the progeny of that cross at all loci. Denote white-fur alleles with w and brown-fur alleles with +. If there are loci where the genotype differs between males and females, list both genotypes and indicate which genotype belongs to each sex.

Cross # locus1 locus2 locus3 ....

1 + +

In a few sentences, describe why some crosses produce all brown offspring, some crosses produce all white offspring, and some produce brown and white offspring. Use the following terms in your answer: complement, fail to complement, X-linked, autosomal.