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In most PCR protocols, the primer pair needs to only be 16-18 nucleotides in length, but in site-directed mutagenesis, the primers are often much longer with lengths from 30 to 40 nucleotides. Why do the primers need to be longer for this PCR experiment?
Hint: Basic theory of annealing versus mismatches
A researcher is attempting to use site directed mutagenesis to increase the rate enhancement of an enzyme. To accomplish this she should optimize the interaction of the enzyme to what species in the reaction process? Why?
When the aspartate at position 32 in subtilisin, a serineprotease, was converted to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis,the kcat value for the hydrolysis catalyzed by theenzyme fell to 0.005% of its wildtype value. Because Asp32 is acrucial part of the catalytic triad of this enzyme, provide ahypothesis to explain the residual enzyme activity after itsconversion to alanine.