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5 Nov 2018

Structure and function of MHC (HLA) antigens

Importance and mechanisms of genetic diversity of MHC (HLA) antigens

these both have to do with immunity if that helps

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Nelly Stracke
Nelly StrackeLv2
5 Nov 2018

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Related questions

Comparing MHC I a-chain and b2-microglobulin (b2-MG) in a family of six, including mom, dad and two daughters and two sons:

1) Among the six family members, which pair is more likely to find similarity between the two for possible transplant, father/mother, mother/daughter, father/son, father/daughter, or siblings? Why?

2) Deficiency in b2-MG was reported in 2 siblings. How does the b2-MG deficiency affect their immune system?

3) Hypothetical question: if an individual had genetic alterations in MHC-I, resulting in deletion of HLA-B, C, E, F and G gene loci, leaving only HLA-A intact, what would you expect of the immune system in this individual and why? Would this individual have similar phenotype to the one seen with the deficiency in b2-MG?

Immunology worksheet help?

1. In people infected with human cytomegalovirus, class I MHC andb2-microglobulin are produced, but very little mature class I MHCis found at the cell surface. Inhibition of which of the followingmolecules by human cytomegalovirus may account for thisphenomenon?
A. TAP
B. Ii
C. TCR
D. CLIP
E. RAG
2. Your chances of having the same MHC haplotype as your siblingare:
A. 1:2.
B. 1:4.
C. 1:16.
D. 1:8.
E. 1:1.
3. Which of the following is the BEST example of self-MHCrestriction of T cells?
A. A T-cell clone is deleted when it binds too tightly to selfMHC.
B. A T-cell clone responds more vigorously to a self-peptide thana foreign peptide.
C. A T-cell clone recognizes foreign MHC.
D. A T-cell clone only recognizes foreign peptides when presentedby self MHC.
E. All of the above
4. MHC molecules:
A. are conserved between individuals.
B. bind repeating patterns found on pathogens.
C. are recognized by T cells.
D. are membrane-bound molecules found exclusively on T cells.
E. are secreted by T cells and bind and neutralize antigen in theserum.
5. Tasmanian devils are a largely inbred population with littlediversity in the MHC. Which of the following would be a likelyoutcome of this?
A. They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the TCR.
B. They would compensate for low diversity in the MHC with highdiversity in the BCR.
C. They would rely only on innate immune responses.
D. They would be at higher risk of infection.
E. All of the above
6. How many different MHC classical class I proteins does eachnucleated cell in a human heterozygous at the MHC locusexpress?
A. Six
B. Two
C. Three
D. One
E. None. Only APC express class I.
7. MHC polymorphisms tend to cluster:
A. in the peptide-binding groove.
B. in the transmembrane domain.
C. in the coreceptor contact residues.
D. in the framework region.
E. All of the above
8. A mutation that renders the MHC class II molecule DMnonfunctional would likely lead to:
A. cells with no class II MHC.
B. a deficiency in CD8+ T cells.
C. cells with class II MHC only bound with CLIP.
D. cells with class II MHC bound with a variety ofself-antigens.
E. cells with no DO.
9. The human MHC locus is one of the most polymorphic regions ofthe genome. What does this mean?
A. This region is regulated by many different mechanisms.
B. Sequence variability is low in this region.
C. There are many introns in this region.
D. There are many different alleles of these genes.
E. It has the most different genes.
10. Which of the following is an example ofcross-presentation?
A. An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
B. A B-cell antigen being presented to a T cell
C. An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I
D. An endogenous peptide being presented on MHC class II
E. An exogenous peptide being presented on MHC class I

Description

Both Immunoglobulins and the proteins of the MHC complex are capable of recognizing a very broad range of proteins or peptides associated with pathogens. Their methods of establishing this wide repertoire of recognition is established at the genetic level, but have no similarities in the processes.

Instructions

Describe the genes of both these effectors, characterizing the steps in the generation of this diversity in Immunoglobulins. Describe the inheritance of MHC genes and how these genes are expressed and regulated. You should include your explanation of polygeny and polymorphism as it relates to the MHC haplotype of an individual, and also include explanation of affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation with your description of immunoglobulins.

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