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28 Feb 2018

1) Which of the following about combinatorial control is false?

It always involves both repressors and activators
The lac operon is an example of combinatorial control
It can be regulated by a single protein
It can lead to differentiation of different cell types
All of the above

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Related questions

HELP ASAP!! please type question an answer typed for Genitics

1. What are microRNAs? lncRNAs? What are some different ways that gene
expression can be regulated at the level of translation?
3.. Define positive and negative gene regulation; combinatorial control? How can one
transcription factor function as both an activator and a repressor?

4. How does the regulation of histones and chromatin control gene expression?
What is the function of HATs, HDACs and methyltransferases?
5. How is it possible for epigenetic “marks” to be inherited that are not part of the
DNA sequence?

What is an operon?

What is the evolutionary advantage of an operon?

What is the difference between a repressible operon and an inducible operon?

Describe the state of the corepressor for a trp operon that is not expressing the operon gene and a lac operon that is not expressing the operon gene.

What is cell differentiation?

Name three different levels of gene regulation in a multicellular eukaryotic organism.

What is gene regulation at the chromatin level? Give one example of how it can be carried out.

Control elements are a form of gene regulation found at what level of gene regulation?

Are there forms of RNA that can block translation? If so give an example.

What do master regulatory genes have to do with control elements?

I. Signaling cascades (4 pts)

1. Which of the following is an example of a signaling cascade?

A. Binding of lactose to the lac repressor

B. Binding of the lac repressor to the lac operon

C. The series of proteolytic digests that occur during clotting

D. The Collins Toggle Switch

2. Why is it important that signaling cascades have negative feedback loops?

II. Metabolism (4 pts)

1. What is a benefit of a negative feedback allosteric regulator?

A. It prevents starting materials from being unnecessarily consumed.

B. It regulated metabolism without requiring new protein synthesis.

C. It can be rapidly reversed as conditions change.

D. All of the above.

2. How is a metabolic cycle, like the citric cycle, distinct from a metabolic pathway, like glycolysis?

III. Transcription (4 pts)

1. Transcription factors, repressors, and activators are examples of proteins that _________.

A. randomly activate RNA polymerases.

B. bind specific DNA sequences.

C. bind specific rRNA sequences.

D. are found in the lysosome.

2. The trp operon is attenuated by a stem-loop structure that can form near RNA polymerase. The RNA sequencing encoding the stem loop is:

5’-AUACCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGGCUU-3’

The stem loop is composed of 7 nucleotides which perfectly base pair. Indicate the two halves of the stem loop on the sequence above.

IV. DNA replication/repair/genome editing (4 pts)

1. What is a consequence of the need for RNA primers during DNA replication?

A. Linear chromosomes gradually shorten each cell division.

B. Transcription factors often trigger DNA replication.

C. RNA primers are not actually needed for DNA replication.

D. Lagging strands can be avoided.

2. CRISPR-mediated genome editing has gene-specific components: an sgRNA, and a double-stranded repair template. Describe the role of the sgRNA in directing genome editing.

V. Genetic circuits (4 pts)

1. Which statement best describes the mechanism of the toggle switch?

A. Inducers must be continuously applied to maintain one of two states.

B. Competing repressors keep the cell in one of two transcriptional states.

C. An activator and a repressor keep the cell in one of two states.

D. A pair of repressors cause the cell to oscillate between two states without input.

2. How is bistability achieved by the Collins toggle switch?

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