In lung diseases such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, there is chronic hypoxia that is particularly obvious in vascular tissues such as the lips or nail beds (cyanosis). Certain genetic diseases like α1-antitrypsin deficiency predispose to emphysema, as do environmental exposures like cigarette smoking or asbestos. Poorly perfused areas exposed to chronic hypoxia have decreased metabolic energy for tissue maintenance and repair. Which of the following is an important reason for this?
A. Increased hexokinase activity owing to increased oxidative phosphorylation
B. Increased ethanol formation from pyruvate on changing from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism
C. Decreased ATP generation and increased glucose utilization on changing from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
Please explain why the correct answer is correct, and what makes the others wrong.
In lung diseases such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, there is chronic hypoxia that is particularly obvious in vascular tissues such as the lips or nail beds (cyanosis). Certain genetic diseases like α1-antitrypsin deficiency predispose to emphysema, as do environmental exposures like cigarette smoking or asbestos. Poorly perfused areas exposed to chronic hypoxia have decreased metabolic energy for tissue maintenance and repair. Which of the following is an important reason for this?
A. Increased hexokinase activity owing to increased oxidative phosphorylation
B. Increased ethanol formation from pyruvate on changing from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism
C. Decreased ATP generation and increased glucose utilization on changing from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism
Please explain why the correct answer is correct, and what makes the others wrong.
