Follow the evolution of ear ossicles from their evolutionary origin in sharks, through fish, to amphibians. How are they different in the synapsid and sauropsid lineages?

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Jean KeelingLv2

28 Aug 2018

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1. Answer the following in regards to the skeleton of the vertebrae; your response to each should be 1-3 sentences in length:

a) Giraffes have seven cervical vertebrae like all other mammals. How is the long neck possible?
b) The ear ossicles of the middle ear represent a mammalian characteristic. What are the homologues (and analogues) in other vertebrates?
c) How can fish survive without a sternum?
d) In a human, does the pectoral girdle truly juxtapose with the axial skeleton? Explain.
e) Justify locomotion without limbs.

pinkalligator798

If a plant lineage rapidly speciates into many different new species after the evolution of novel defense compounds, how might you expect the group of herbivore lineages to respond?

a. Rapidly speciate in order to fill the new niches

b. All herbivore lineages would go extinct because their original niches have disappeared

c. Decrease their phenotypic plasticity

d. Decrease because of increased interspecific competition over the diminished original niche space

salmoneagle868

Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lineages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineage is significantly higher than in the human lineage. These rate differences are apparent whether one looks at changes in nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are subject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucleotide sequences, which are not under such obvious selective pressure. With respect to metabolism (such as the Krebs Cycle), offer two possible explanations for the slower rate of evolutionary change in the human lineage versus the rat lineage.