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9 Jul 2019

The question is rather straight forward: I have always beencurious as to why, but cannot find an explanation online.

I can imagine that the mechanism is different for each, butwhy does brain tissue and red blood cells use specificallyand only glucose for energy metabolism?

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Casey Durgan
Casey DurganLv2
10 Jul 2019

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Related questions

Use the following article to answer these questions:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029

1)This article points out that a major misconception, especially for many undergraduates, is that human cells only use glucose as a fuel source. In fact, all three major absorbed end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can be utilized by most cells for the generation of ATP. What serves as the major entry point (mechanism) for these different classes of molecules that makes it possible for them to serve as fuel for ATP production? Why does this mechanism not work in the absence of oxygen? Hint: consider glycolysis and fermentation.

2)Although many of the approximately 200 cell types in the human body can utilize all three major classes of food molecules for energy, not all can. Why? Provide an example.

In this week’s forum article, Nutrient Utilization in Humans: Metabolism Pathways,(http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029) the types of molecules and the mechanisms by which the potential chemical energy in those molecules is transformed into the type of energy capable of powering cellular work is discussed. After reading the article, answer the questions listed below. ( Read the article and answer the following questions)

1. What was Antoine Lavoisier’s major contribution to our understanding of energy metabolism in living organisms?

2. Max Rubner showed that carbohydrates and proteins produce approximately 4 Kcal/g of energy when oxidized, whereas lipids generate up to 9 Kcal/g. How can this difference be explained?

3. This article points out that a major misconception, especially for many undergraduates, is that human cells only use glucose as a fuel source. In fact, all three major absorbed end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can be utilized by most cells for the generation of ATP. What serves as the major entry point (mechanism) for these different classes of molecules that makes it possible for them to serve as fuel for ATP production? Why does this mechanism not work in the absence of oxygen? Hint: consider glycolysis and fermentation.

4. Although many of the approximately 200 cell types in the human body can utilize all three major classes of food molecules for energy, not all can. Why? Provide an example.

You wake up late for NUTR 750, and dash to class without eating breakfast. After class, you head off with your study group for an hour of review, then you’re back to classes straight through from 11:10 AM to 2:00 PM. Your hunger has vanished, so you decide to hit the library for more studying then meet friends at HoCo for “Italian Night” at 7 PM. As you walk to HoCo, you realize it’s been 24 hours since you last ate. But you’re not worried, because you know your liver is synthesizing glucose to maintain blood sugar levels for your brain. Please name (a) the top three biochemical substrates that the liver will use for gluconeogenesis, (b) the key regulated enzymes that make hepatic glucose synthesis possible, and (c) the mechanisms by which each enzyme is regulated. (d) Does your fasted state impact each enzyme’s mechanism of regulation, or only certain enzymes? Why or why not - from a biochemical perspective.

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