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9 Jul 2018

Black coat color in horses is conferred by the presence of a dominant B allele. Chestnut horses are genotype bb. A population of wild horses consists of 224 black horses and 22 chestnut horses. Assume that this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for this locus.

(a) Please round all answers correctly to 4 decimal digits.

What is the frequency of the B allele?

______

(b) Please round all answers correctly to 4 decimal digits.

What is the frequency of the b allele?

_

(c) Please round all answers correctly to 4 decimal digits.

How many horses in the population are expected to be heterozygous for this locus?

_____________

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Keith LeannonLv2

10 Jul 2018

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In horses, the basic coat color is controlled by the E locus. There are two alleles. E1 and E2. E1 is dominant so homozygous E1E1 or heterozygous E1E2 have black pigment. E2E2 homozygotes are a reddish chestnut color. A second gene locus R can cause roan, a scattering of white hairs throughout the basic coat color. The Roan allele has some serious drawbacks: R1 when homozygous (R1R1) results in death of the embryo. R1R2 embryos survive and the horse are roan in color. The R2R2 also survive, but are not roan. The two loci R and E are tightly linked.

Now suppose A Spanish galleon with a load of conquistadorsâ horses was shipwrecked by a large grassy island. Just by chance, the horses that survived the shipwreck and swam to shore were 20 chestnut roans (E2E2 R1R2), 20 non-roan homozygous blacks (E1E1 R2R2). On the island the interbred with each other and established a wild population. The island environment exerts no direct selection on either locus.

What was the coefficient of linkage disequilibrium (D) in the initial population of 40 horses?

Is this population in linkage equilibrium or disequilibrium? Explain

Genetics

1)Roan is a coat color pattern common in horses, in which the animal has intermingled colored and white hairs in at least part of its body. After visiting a ranch, you observe solid red horses, solid white horses, and several roan individuals. The rancher has conducted breeding experiments and shares the following observations:

Red mare (?) x red stallion (?) = 100% red offspring

White mare x white stallion = 100% white offspring

Red mare x white stallion = 100% roan offspring

White mare x red stallion = 100% roan offspring

Roan mare x roan stallion = 25% red : 25% white : 50% roan offspring

a)Propose a mode of inheritance for this trait. Include the number of genes, the alleles, and the relationships among the genes/alleles. (3 points)

b)You collect data from a wild population of horses on the island of Assateague in coastal Virginia. You observed 473 red horses, 29 white horses, and 81 roan horses. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus? Show your calculations. (5 points)

c)Propose an evolutionary force that may be responsible for your observations in (b). Explain clearly a hypothetical scenario that would lead to this force having the effect, and briefly explain why it would create the effect that you have observed. (4 points)

sapphirekangaroo565

A population of wild-flowers was scored for flower color. There were 369 blue (BB) plants, 1915 violet (BR) plants and 748 red (RR) plants. Please round your answer correctly to 4 decimal digits.

1. What is the frequency of the blue (B) allele?

2. What is the frequency of the red (R) allele? Please round your answer correctly to 4 decimal digits.

3. A chi-square test was conducted to test the hypothesis that the population genotypic frequencies are consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium frequencies.Fill in the spaces below with the expected numbers for each phenotypic (genotypic) class in the chi-square test. What is the expected number of blue (BB) plants? Please round your answer correctly to 4 decimal digits.

4. What is the expected number of violet (BR) plants? Please round your answer correctly to 4 decimal digits.

5. What is the expected number of red(RR) plants? Please round your answer correctly to 4 decimal digits.

6. Keeping all decimal digits during your calculations and rounding your answer to 3 decimal digits, what is the calculated chi-square value?

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