What characteristics define a hominin? Discuss which aspects of your definition can be assessed in the fossil record.

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Nelly StrackeLv2

16 Mar 2019

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In 1871, Charles Darwin made one of the boldest scientific predictions ever: that Africa was the likely location where the human lineage diverged from all other animal species. The validity of his prediction is supported by both fossil and DNA evidence. The accompanying article Overview of Hominin Evolution by Herman Pontzer explores the evolution of our own species beginning just prior to the divergence of our lineage from that of chimpanzees and bonobos. Read through the article and answer the following questions:

1. Was the last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees (HC-LCA) more similar to living apes or humans? Explain.

2. What were two of the first human traits to appear in the hominin fossil record?

3. In what anatomical feature was Sahelanthropus most similar to modern day humans?

4. Why is the comparison of human evolution to a life boat rather than to a powerful ship more appropriate?

Increasingly efficient bipedalism and increased brain size are considered the two major hallmarks of hominin evolution. which of these two features (bipedalism or large brains) likely arose first in hominin evolution? b) Based on the trends you see in sagittal crest size and molar size, what can you conclude about how the hominin diet has evolved over time?

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What are the four trends of hominin evolution? Discuss which trends happen and when (not necessarily specific dates, but relative to each other in chronological order). Use species names as examples.