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1) Explain why it is said that life is 'carbon-based'. How is the structure of carbon conducive to its role in organic molecules? (3+ sentences)

2) How is electron microscopy different from light microscopy? (2+ sentences)

3) Describe 3 differences between animal and plant cells. (2+ sentences)

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18 Feb 2018
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Related questions

LAB MODULE: BASIC MICROSCOPY – STUDY HELP

The information in this document is helpful in preparing for the Basic Microscopy Pre-Lab Quiz on Canvas and the Basic Microscopy quiz on Late Nite Labs.

Instructions:

• Go to your Late Nite Labs course site and click on the Basic Microscopy link. The lab manual content will appear on the right side of the screen.

• PRINT and READ all of the information found in the Basic Microscopy lab manual.

• Use the information to answer the following questions.

Questions

• Fill in the remainder of the chart.

Objective Lens

Objective Magnification

Ocular Magnification

Total Magnification

Scanning

4X

10X

40X

Low Power

10X

10X

High Power

40X

10X

Oil Immersion

100X

10X

• Do all organisms consist of more than one cell?

• What is the structural and functional unit of living things? In other words, what is considered the basic building block of LIFE?

• What three structures are found in the cells of ALL organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic? You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all three structures. Note: plasma membrane = cell membrane

• List the major differences in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Include the location of genetic material in a eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell.

• List the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell that are not found in a prokaryotic cell. You may have to look at the pictures of the cells in the Basic Microscopy lab manual content to find all of these.

• In eukaryotic cells, genetic information is found in the form of DNA. Is this true for prokaryotic cells?

• Are flagella and cell walls unique to eukaryotes? Why or why not?

• The __________is the part of a cell that allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell and protects the cell from its environment.

• The__________is a substance that contains all of the dissolved and suspended ions and other molecules needed to keep the cell alive.

• A__________is an organelle that serves as the site of photosynthesis in a eukaryotic cell.

• Some organisms have cells that contain a__________that gives the cell a more structured shape and strengthens the cell by osmotic pressure.

• Describe dark field microscopy.

• Describe phase contrast microscopy.

• Why do scientists use dark field microscopy and phase contrast microscopy when studying prokaryotic cells?

• How does phase contrast microscopy help scientists visualize difficult specimens?

• Fill in the remainder of the chart. The organisms studied during this lab are: Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria.

Structure Function Organisms Studied
Plasma Membrane

Amoeba, Spirogyra, cardiac muscle, and bacteria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Contains the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Chloroplast

Spirogyra
Cell wall

Please keep it answer between 3to7 sentences. or keep it short.

1. Describe how the “fluid mosaic” structural model of the cell membrane allows it to perform its function of being “selectively permeable”.

2. For two of the following types of transport, describe the process itself, how the structure of the cell membrane functions in the transport of molecules, and the significance of each type to a cell. • Facilitated diffusion • Active transport • Endo/Exocytosis

3. Describe the significance of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions to both animal and plant cells.

4. Energy transfers occur in all cellular activities. Explain this process and the role of ATP in cotransport.

5. Discuss the induced fit model of enzyme-substrate interaction. Include how substrate concentration, temperature changes, and competitive inhibition may affect that interaction. 6. Discuss the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.

7. Membranes are important structural components of cells. Describe the role of membranes in the synthesis of ATP in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

26.The best microscopy technique for observing different subcellular structures on the surface of bacteria is

(A) SEM (B) TEM

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) interference microscopy

(E) fluorescence microscopy

27.Which type of microscopy exploits differences in the refractive index of the specimen, where light is retarded by one-quarter of a wavelength when it passes through a bacterial cell?

(A) SEM (B) TEM

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) bright-field microscopy

(E) fluorescence microscopy

28.Which type of microscopy should be used to examine bacterial cells that have been Gram stained?

(A) TEM (B) fluorescence microscopy

(C) phase contrast microscopy (D) interference microscopy

(E) bright-field microscopy

29.Which of the following is most abundant in a prokaryotic cell (in dry weight)?

(A) RNA (B) DNA

(C) Polysaccharide (D) Protein

(E) Lipid

30.Which of the following techniques uses the Svedberg unit (S)?

(A) electron microscopy (B) ultracentrifugation

(C) X-ray crystallography (D) genetic analysis

(E) sonication

31.Which of the following is NOT a function performed by the cell membrane or its components?

(A) production of proteins (B) detection of environmental signals

(C) transport of molecules into and out of the cell (D) separation of charge across the membrane

(E) B and D

32.Which of the following statement is true?

(A) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

(B) Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.

(C) Teichoic acids are found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

(D) Teichoic acids are found in the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria.

(E) Cholesterol is found in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.

33.Which of the following is found in Archaeabut not in Bacteria?

(A) Hopanoids (B) Terpenoids

(C) Cholesterol (D) S-layer

(E) Peptidoglycan

34.The glycan chain of archaeal cell wall is made of __________ and __________, while the glycan chain of bacterial cell wall is made of __________ and __________.

(A) peptidoglycan and murein, pseudopeptidoglycan and murein

(B) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

(C) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

(D) N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

(E) N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid,

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid

35.The sacculus of bacteria is composed primarily of

(A) phospholipids (B) peptidoglycans

(C) carbohydrates (D) amino acids

(E) nucleic acids

36.Lysozyme attacks the following linkage in the bacterial cell wall:

(A) β(1,4)-glycosidic bonds

(B) β(1,3)-glycosidic bonds

(C) Glycine peptide interbridges

(D) Peptide cross-links between glycan chains

(E) Peptide bonds between L-alanine and D-glutamic acid

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