🏷️ LIMITED TIME OFFER: GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION →
Log in
Biology
1
answer
0
watching
56
views

In yeast pyruvate is normally metabolised to ethanol. Why is this metabolic option more beneficial for the yeast cells than conversion of pyruvate to lactate?

A) Conversion to ethanol releases more NAD+ per mole than the conversion to lactate.

B) The carbon atoms are more oxidized in ethanol than in lactate.

C) Increased levels of lactate increase the cellular osmotic pressure, which disrupts the oxygen gradient and flow of oxygen into cells and their mitochondria.

D) Ethanol production is not better. Yeast normally produces ethanol and lactate in equimolar amounts.

E) Ethanol is neutral, but lactate (lactic acid) production is accompanied by a detrimental decrease in pH.

Watch
1
answer
0
watching
56
views

For unlimited access to Homework Help, a Homework+ subscription is required.

Casey Durgan
Casey DurganLv2
29 Sep 2019

Unlock all answers

Get 1 free homework help answer.
Already have an account? Log in
Share

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology
8 Edition,
Lodish
ISBN: 9781464183393
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology
6 Edition,
Belk
ISBN: 9780134555430
Concepts of Biology
OER Edition,
Openstax
ISBN: 9781938168116
Biology
2nd Edition, 2013
Openstax
ISBN: 9781947172517
Essentials of Biology
5 Edition,
Mader
ISBN: 9781259660269

Related questions

1. Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?
Fermentation
An electron transport chain
Pyruvate oxidation
Glycolysis
All of the above
2. The primary purpose of catabolism is
generation of ADP.
generation of ATP.

oxidation of NADH to NAD+.
degradation of organic molecules.
biosynthesis.
3. What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?
It is reduced to lactic acid.
It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
It is catabolized in glycolysis.
It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.
4. Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by
a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
5. How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?
Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
These are other names for glycolysis.
Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.
6. The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate
a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
d) Both a and b
e) Both b and c
7. Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?
The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid

The complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 andH2O
The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
The production of ATP from glucose
The production of ethanol from glucose
8. A reaction that yields energy has a
positive ?Go?.
negative ?Go?.
positive ?Eo?.
negative ?Eo?.
negative ?Ho?.
9. Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause
a) electrons generally accompany protons.
b) protons generally accompany protons.
c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
d) Both a and b
e) All of the above
10. Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?
It involves the reduction of oxygen.
It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
It does not generate ATP.

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and it’s movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD+ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for “reduction/oxidation” reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO2 is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP’s that can be synthesized from a single FADH2 molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

1

Living systems can be studied by way of the scientific method which involves which of the following?

A

Using only deductive reasoning and not inductive reasoning

B

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments and using controls

C

Using few subjects, but repeating the experiments

D

Using many subjects, but doing no statistical analysis

E

Using many subjects but having no controls

2

Which of the following molecules has the least amount of energy that you can use for intense physical exercise?

A

A chemically specifically designed to signal uncontrolled cell growth

B

Water since it promotes all chemical reactions

C

Lipids

D

Carbohydrates

E

Protein

3

Nicotine produced in plants can be lethal to insects in that it causes a paralysis. Where does nicotine have its effect?

A

Nicotine receptors located in the nucleus of the cell

B

Nicotine receptors on the plasma membrane of brain cells

C

Nicotine receptors in the golgi bodies of neurons

D

Nicotine receptors on the mitochondria of brain cells

4

The aqueous (water) space between cells is which of the following?

A

Blood

B

Interstitial

C

Extracellular

D

Intracellular

E

All of these answers are correct

5

A hypo-osmotic solution can be defined as which of the following?

A

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyposmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

B

A solution separated from another by way of semipermeable membrane in which the hyperosmotic solution has less electrolyes and more water than the other solution

C

A solution that is equal in concentration compared to another

D

A solution that is less concentrated relative to another

E

A solution that is more concentrated relative to another

6

Lactic acid in your muscles is the byproduct of which metabolic pathway?

A

Glycolysis

B

Electron Transport System

C

Krebs cycle

D

Glycolysis and oxygen

7

Which of the following best describes the process of glycolysis?

A

A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that breakdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

B

A series of chemical reactions that breakdown or catabolize protein to produce lactic acid in the presence of oxygen

C

A series of chemical reactions in the muscle cytoplasm that breaksdown or catabolize glucose to produce ATP without oxygen

D

A series of chemical reactions that produce enzymes

8

During oxidative phosphorylation, which of the following is phosphorylated with the assistance of ATP synthase?

A

Cytochromes

B

ADP

C

ATP

D

NADH

E

Hydrogen ions

9

In all animals who use oxidative phorphorylation to generate ATP, the ultimate electron acceptor is directly transported to all cells by way of which of the following?

A

Hemoglobin

B

Red blood cells

C

Water (H2O)

D

Lungs

10

After NADH is reduced at the Electron Transport system, the hydrogen ion subsequently does which of the following?

A

Activates ATPsynthase

B

Activates Krebs cycle

C

Activates chemiosmosis

D

Oxidizes ATP

E

Reduces ATP

11

Which of the following has to exist for ATP synthase to be activated to directly produce ATP?

A

An oxygen gradient

B

A neutron gradient

C

An electron gradient

D

A proton gradient

E

All of these answers are correct

12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

B

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

Weekly leaderboard

Home
Homework Help 3,900,000
Biology 460,000
Start filling in the gaps now
Log in