1.Explain the molecular mechanisms that drive DNA uptake and integration of extracellular DNA of a bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae, using natural transformation. Be specific at each step.
1.Explain the molecular mechanisms that drive DNA uptake and integration of extracellular DNA of a bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae, using natural transformation. Be specific at each step.
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DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and artificial agents elicits a wide variety of cellular responses. In addition to the activation of DNA repair mechanisms, there can be activation of pathways leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cell-cycle arrest.
Part A
Why would apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest often be part of a cellular response to DNA damage?
Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis consume less energy. |
Many cells do not have DNA repair mechanisms. |
Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis are milder ways to cope with mutations. |
DNA repair mechanisms often cannot reduce the impact of mutations. |
(2) The process of error correction of mismatched bases from the end of a growing polynucleotide that is carried out by DNA polymerases is called ________.