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Briefly note the main points of Alan Goldman's argument in "The Refutation of Medical Paternalism." (Do not just identify the conclusion--identify the premises that support the conclusion.) What theoretical perspective do you think Goldman is adopting? What views does he reject? Explain your reasoning.

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

For example, consider the following argument:
"Measles can't be cured by antibiotics, since Measles is caused by a virus, and antibiotics can't cure a viral infection."

We can see that the argument contains the word "since," which is a premise indicator. We know that what follows "since" will be the premises. We also know, through the process of elimination, that what precedes the word "since" is the conclusion. So my standardized argument will look like this:

1) Measles is caused by a virus. 2) Antibiotics can't cure a viral infection. therefore, 3) Measles can't be cured by antibiotics.

Now we can see the relationship of support between the premises and conclusion. We are asked to accept the conclusion, "Measles can't be cured by antibiotics," based on the two supporting premises. Notice that all of the premises and the conclusion are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false. Also, notice that the premise indicator "since" has been omitted. We always omit premises and conclusion indicators when putting arguments into standard form and make sure that the components of our argument are statements, that is, complete sentences that are either true or false.

For credit on this assignment, do the following:

1) Put the following arguments into standard form:

a) "All dogs are carnivores, consequently, Max is a carnivore, for the reason that Max is a dog."

b) "Rebecca does not pray at the mosque, for she is not a Muslim and only Muslims pray at the mosque."

c) "To every existing thing God wills some good. Hence, since to love any thing is nothing else than to will good to that thing, it is manifest that God loves everything that exists."

2) Create your own argument:

a) Construct an argument of your own using two different premise indicators and one conclusion indicator with the following conclusion: "Now, more than ever, everyone needs to take a class in logic."

b) Then put the argument into standard form.

Medical Terminology Case Study

Gretchen is a 42 year old female that has a medical history of cardiovascular disease. She has just been admitted due to a suspected stroke. She is suffering from paralysis of her left side and is aspirating food. She seems to be struggling with decisions and this causes concern because she can only respond with “no and “yes.” In addition, her responses are not consistent. This is causing a split between the attending physician, who feels that she has lost the capacity to make decisions, and the patient’s husband and son, who feel that she is still capable of making her own decisions. Furthermore, after looking at her brain, there is obvious dense damage to the cerebral cortex. This leads the staff to believe that recovery, if possible, would be minimal and severe disability will be the result.

Gretchen and her husband never discussed what to do if one of them were in a position to require life-sustaining treatment. He is conflicted because he doesn’t believe she would want to live in a disabled state and is unsure of he should ask for a feeding tube for her. Her 4 children are split in the decision. Two of them are completely against it and the other two say that no doing so would “seal her fate.” This makes it even harder for Gretchen’s husband to decided but in the end he asks that they use the tube.

To add to the scenario, the treatment team along with the attending physician do not see placing the feeding tube as a solution. They believe that because patient has minimal alertness and consciousness that the will not improve. They do not see a realistic scenario for recover. Gretchen’s previous hospitalization history also plays a role. Two nurses mention that in these previous stays, Gretchen stated that she would not want to have life sustained through artificial processes, including renal dialysis, tube feeding, and ventilator. The staff views this as Gretchen expressing what her preferences are in a dire situation. The family has now requested an ethics consultation to come to a conclusion.

Using critical thought, research and respond to the question below with a minimum of 3-5 sentences.

1. There is a great deal to consider in this case. First, we should decide on the communication ability of the patient. How should this be done? What should be considered?

2. There is a great deal of discussion over the feeding tube. Are the comments by Gretchen in her previous hospital stay enough to make the decision? What about Gretchen’s husband and 2 children that want the tube put in?

3.What conclusion do you foresee the ethics consultation leading to?

1. SCIENCE: what exactly happened genetically (do not list symptoms) to the first generation women when they were given the DES? EXPLAIN.

2. LEGAL: could any of these groups SUE?

Which ones?

WHAT SHOULD the argument be if they sue?

Who would win? WHY?

What should the settlement be (not just money)?

What group should have stepped in and stopped this? And HOW?

3. ETHICAL: Were the doctors who gave this to women responsible for what happened to them and subsequent generations? WHY or WHY NOT?

4. Why did these women take an unknown substance?

5. This has happened very few times in medical history. Find one example that has happened recently and tell me about it

6. A new area of genetics called EPIGENETICS has recently given an explanation about what happened. What is epigenetics and how does it fit into the case?

7. The future of DES. Do you think this could go on for many generations in the future. EXPLAIN.

8. Did this affect the boys born by these women? Does it give us a clue as to how homosexuality might be inherited? Explain.

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