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The major factor influencing the evolution of male-onlyparental care is certainty of paternity. With this, consider thefollowing: in both fishes and amphibians, there are species thatfertilize eggs internally as well as others that fertilize eggsexternally. Males that fertilize eggs in what manner are mostlikely to exhibit uni-parental care? Why?

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1) Usually in animal behaviour we find the pattern that thefemales of a species are choosey about which male they want to matewith, while the males are just trying to mate. There are casesthough where the male of the species is choosier. What do you thinkthe adaptive benefit would be for each of the following scenarios?1) Female seahorses (see Figure 8.4 on page 220) show no preferencefor the males with which they mate, yet researchers found that themales of the species tend to choose larger females; b) In blackwidow spiders, researchers found that the males tend to preferwell-fed females over starving ones; c) Male jungle fowl mate withmore than one partner, and researchers have observed that malejungle fowl enhance the speed with which their sperm travel whenroosters inseminate attractive versus unattractive females.

2) Recognition is considered a critical basis for discriminatorybehaviours in animals. A study showed that host reed warblers(Acrocephalus scirpaceus) of an evicting parasite, the commoncuckoo (Cuculus canorus), avoided the costs of prolonged care forunrelated young by deserting the cuckoo chick before it fledged.Desertion was not based on specific recognition of the parasitebecause hosts accept any chick cross-fostered into their nests.Researchers theorized that reed warblers had evolved a way to avoidhelping a parasite, namely a time limit on parental care for abrood. To test this theory, researchers set up experiments so thatthe period of parental care needed for the young to fledge wasextended beyond normal fledging times. Younger and older chickswere transferred between nests to manipulate the natural period ofcare required. What did the researchers expect as a result if theirtime limit hypothesis was correct? What advantage would the reedwarblers have if they used the time limit hypothesis rather thanlearning what kind of nestling to care for and which ones toreject?

a) Why might selection have favored the preference female sage grouse have for the male sage grouse mating display? That is, what might males be signaling with this behavior, and why might it be in a female’s interest to choose a male based on his display?

b) What is the name of the mating system exhibited by great crested grebes, and what may have been one selective factor explaining why it evolved?

C) Propose a different hypothesis for why selection might have favored the preference female bowerbirds exhibit for blue coloration. (Isn't the reason why bowerbirds prefer the blue coloration is because it may be similar in color as to one of their resources attracting female bowerbirds to mate with them?)

- can someone also check if my answer to this question is correct (letter d).

d) Propose a hypothesis for why selection might have favored the preference females have for bower-building in male satin bowerbirds? That is, what might males be signaling with this behavior, and why might it be in a female’s interest to choose a male based on his display?

Bower building males signal females that their nest is the most suitable to lay their eggs and reproduce. It would be in the females best interest to choose a bowerbird with the best bower build because it is a preference that has been passed on in the species and by doing so its offspring will also choose intricate bower building mates.

QUESTION 3

Which of the following would NOT be a good method for sortingout the evolutionary relationships between a parrot, gorilla,hippopotamus, starfish, and catfish?

comparing the skeletal anatomy

examining the habitat in which these organisms live

looking at embryos for common developmental patterns

comparing the nucleotide sequence divergence of selectedgenes

all of the above would provide useful information

10 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these habitats should have the highest number ofendemic species (found there and nowhere else).

grasslands of the central United States

Hawaiian islands

Amazonian rainforest basin

Mississippi river

10 points

QUESTION 5

Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent withmodification through variation and natural selection" can bedemonstrated by which of the following examples?

A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches. Theexercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck andlegs. This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe'soffspring.

A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay,she recovers the fruit and eats it. She discovers that the fruit iscleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water. Shecontinues to wash fruit in the bay before eating. Her offspring seewhat she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water.Soon the whole population is washing their fruit

Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sandon a beach. One of the turtles is the color of the sand, the othersare darker in color. The turtles all scurry to the water, but oneby one the dark turtles are eaten by birds, only the sand coloredturtle survives. When it enters the water the sand color changes toa darker brown. The turtle grows, mates and has offspring that arealso sand colored when they are born

A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has theability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water.The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of preyand eaten

10 points

QUESTION 6

During the Beagle journey, Darwin visited islands,allowing him to compare island species with continental species. Interms of framing his theory of evolution, why was thissignificant?

Because the island species had both similarities to theircontinental ancestors and unique adaptations to their islandenvironments

Because the island species no longer shared traits with theircontinental ancestors

Because the species he saw on the islands had not changed fromtheir ancestral continental form

Because the island species had very low reproductive andsurvival rates as compared with their continental ancestors

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