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A patient has the following ABO antibodies in their serum: ANTI-A and ANTI-B. They developed ANTI-Rh antibodies after an exposure. Knowing this, what antigens are found on the patient's RBCs?

a.) A

b.) B

c.) Both A and B

d.) Rh

e.) A & D

f.) B & D

g.) C & D

h.) None of the above are present

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1-The ABO blood typing system is based on ..

a- Genetic testing of blood samples

b- Cell-surface proteins found on red blood cells.

c- The count of certain cells found within a blood sample.

d- Unique white blood cells found in patients withinfections.

e- A conference of the Allied Blood Organization in 1958.

2- If a patient who has lost a lot of blood is not given atransfusion of typing blood that is "matched" or compatible, butrather an incompatible transfusion, this result in ...

a- Collapse of the veins due to low blood volume and low bloodpressure.

b- Leakage of the blood out of the vascular system and into thetissues.

c- Too much oxygen in the blood, injuring the brain.

d- Immune-mediated lysis of the RBCs, breaking open the cellsand releasing toxins into the blood.

e- A life-threatening condition known as toxemia that can betreated with injection of antibiotics.

3- A person with Type B blood will have________ antibodies inthier blood?

a- Anti-A.

b- Anti-B.

c- Anti-AB

d- Anto-O

e- Anti-ABO

4- Some patients are known as universal acceptors have bloodtype..

a- A.

b- B.

c- AB.

d- O

e- Rh

5- Someone who has Type O blood is known as a universal donorbecause

a- Their red blood cells (RBC) cannot be damaged.

b- Their RBC only have the A antigen, but not the B antigen.

c- Their RBC have both the A and B antigen.

d- Their RBC have neither A nor B antigens on their surface.

e- Their RBC have the O antigen on their surface.

Part A. Using a direct fluorescent antibody test, a patient's brain tissue sample is flooded with tagged antibody to rabies and it fluoresces when examined under a fluorescent microscope. What can be concluded from this test?

A. The quantity of rabies antigens per square millimeter of brain tissue.
B. The rabies virus is present in the patient's brain.
C. The rabies antibody is present in the patient's brain.
D. The quantity of rabies antibodies in the patient's serum.

Part B. Which if the following is NOT true about vaccinations?

A. Edward Jenner developed a small pox vaccination using cow pox scab crusts.

B. Louis Pasteur investigated immunization and developed a vaccine to rabies.

C. Vaccines are now available for all infectious diseases, although they are not available to all people.

D. The first documented vaccine-like procedures were variolation by the Chinese against smallpox.

Part C. If a researcher is using an immunodiffusion test to look for the presence of antibodies, __________ will be placed in the well that does not contain the patient's serum

A. tracer dyes

B. both antigens and antibodies

C. antibodies only

D. antigens only

The A antigen (the protein that makes A blood A blood) is embedded in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Blood group A individuals will automatically carry antibodies (proteins that are in the blood plasma-liquid part of blood) that will attack blood group B cells. Blood group B individuals will carry antibodies that will attack blood group A cells. Blood group O individuals, lacking either of the A or B antigens will carry BOTH types of antibodies and will attack either A or B cells. When there is a transfusion with incompatible blood groups, cells can clump creating blockages in arteries throughout the body. Other pathways can lead to the lysing of RBC’s which will release their contents into the bloodstream elevating these component in the blood which can have sever effects on the heart (potassium primarily-in case you are interested).

Remember, the Rh is a typical one gene, two allele scenario. Rh+ blood can accept Rh+ or Rh- blood. A person with Rh- blood can only receive Rh- blood. Unlike ABO where an individual manufactures the antibody to an antigen they lack without prior exposure, the Rh factor requires previous exposure to illicit an immune response. If a Rh- person is exposed to Rh+ blood, the individual will create the antibody against the Rh antigen. Now, if Rh+ blood is introduced into this individual again, the recipient’s blood contains anti-Rh antibodies and will attack the Rh+ cells-Bad news for the recipient. This is the same thing that happens with an Rh- mom who gets pregnant with an Rh+ baby. By the time the first Rh+ baby is born and blood mixing may have occurred during late pregnancy (small breaks in the placenta can cause some of baby’s blood to mix with that of mom), first baby escapes unharmed. Subsequent babies aren’t so lucky.

If there are small tears in the placenta (which are normal), mom’s anti Rh antibodies can go in and attack the Rh+ baby’s blood. This can kill the baby. Now, Rh- moms are given a substance that will coat the baby’s RBC’; kind of like putting them into stealth mode so they can’t be seen by mom’s immune system. Later-poof, out pops unaffected baby.

1. What blood type(s) can be given to an A positive individual?

2. If you have B negative blood, what blood types can you receive?

3. What blood types can an O negative receive? O positive?

4. If a man is blood group B and his wife is blood group A what blood type(s) are you 100% sure they could produce in their children?

5. If you have a blood group O father and a blood group B mother, can they produce an O child? Explain your answer.

6. You have a male friend who is blood group AB. He is successful in business but knows very little about biology. His wife just had an O child. Knowing that you have been studying the genetics of blood groups, he asks you for an education on blood groups. What do you think about this situation?

7. A woman is AB and her husband is A. They have a B child. What are all the blood groups possible in their children if he is heterozygous?

8. A woman is Rh- and her husband is Rh+. Their first baby is Rh-. What is the genotype, with respect to Rh, of the parents? What is the probability their next child will be Rh+? Does the woman have to worry about any issues with future children? Explain!

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