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What happened to beak depths in the virtual finch population when selection on beak depth was eliminated (selection strength = 0) and mutation rate for alleles determining beak depth was greater than zero?

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Lelia Lubowitz
Lelia LubowitzLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

A population of finches lives on an island some distance from the mainland, where another population of finches of the same species resides. In both populations, the size of the birds' beaks is influenced by two alleles at the beak locus, B and b. On the island, the frequency of the B allele is 0.9, and the frequency of the b allele is 0.1. On the mainland, both alleles are equally frequent (0.5).

a. If the genotypes at the beak locus have the following fitnesses on the island: wBB = 1, wBb = 0.95, wbb = 0.9, what is the change in the frequency of the B allele on the island in one generation due to natural selection?

b. What will be the change in the frequency of the B allele on the island in one generation as a combined result of migration and natural selection?

c. If the migration rate from the mainland to the island is 0.05 (meaning that 5% of individuals in the island population migrate in from the mainland every generation), what is the change in the frequency of the B allele in one generation due to migration? Assume there is no migration from the island back to the mainland.

23.

Peter and Rosemary Grant’s research on Darwin’s finches demonstrated that dry years on the Galapagos Island Daphne Major favored deep beaks in the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) and that very wet years favored narrow beaks. In years that were neither wet nor dry (intermediate years), many different types of foods were available, and birds with intermediate beak sizes were favored. Immediately following an intermediate year, average beak size in G. fortis is expected to be

A) narrower than after a wet year and wider than after a dry year.

B) wider than after a wet year and narrower than after a dry year.

C) the same as after a wet year and wider than after a dry year.

D) the same as after a dry year and narrower than after a wet year.

13.

Select the evidence that would support the hypothesis that peppered moths and industrial melanism are an example of evolution by natural selection. Check all that apply.

A) Different color morphs exist naturally in the peppered moth population.

B) The genetic basis of melanism in peppered moths is unknown.

C) Dark moths are recaptured more in polluted areas than light moths.

D) Birds looking for food often miss moths that are the same color as the moth’s background.

8.

Check all of the statements that are supported by studies of artificial selection.

A) Artificial selection shows that evolutionary change can occur over a short time.

B) Artificial selection shows that natural selection is capable of producing major evolutionary change.

C) Artificial selection occurs when humans selectively breed individuals of a species with desirable traits.

D) Artificial selection results only in minor changes within a species.

A population of finches lives on an island some distance from the mainland, where another population of finches of the same species resides. In both populations, the size of the birds' beaks is influenced by two alleles at the beak locus, B and b. Finches with the BB genotype have the largest beaks, bb have the smallest beaks, and Bb individuals have a beak size intermediate between the two homozygotes. On the island, the frequency of the B allele is 0.3, and the frequency of the b allele is 0.7. On the mainland, both alleles are equally frequent (0.5).

(a) If the migration rate from the mainland to the island is 0.1 (meaning that 10% of individuals in the island population migrate in from the mainland every generation), what is the change in the frequency of the B allele on the island in one generation due to migration? Assume there is no migration from the island back to the mainland.

(b) The genotypes at the beak locus have the following fitness on the island: wBB = 0.95, wBb = 0.98, wbb = 1. Which allele is the most fit? What size beak is selectively favored on the island? What do you predict will happen to the frequencies of these alleles in the long term?

(c) The island experiences a severe drought for two consecutive years, which kills a plant species on the island that makes small seeds eaten by the finches. As a consequence, the food available decreases and the average size of edible seeds on the island increases greatly. Birds with large beaks are much better able to crack large seeds and thus better able to survive the drought. Which allele is the most fit? How do you predict the allele frequencies of B and b will change during this drought?

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