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List at least three studies or proof validating how animal behaviors are genetically based.

Provide two examples of how the environment is influenced by animal behavior.

Describe how population size is affected by density dependent and density independent factors.

List and define any 5 demographic pieces of information and explain their significance to biological communities.

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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I JUST NEED SIMPLE/BASIC ANSWERS NOT LONG ANSWERS

1. Explain how life can be viewed at different levels of biological complexity.

2. Explain how researchers study biology at different levels, ranging from molecules to ecosystems.

3. Distinguish between discovery-based science and hypothesis testing, and describe the steps of the scientific method.

4. Tell whether a given topic or research study is about biology. Tell whether that study is discovery-based or hypothesis testing, or both.

5. If presented with a research study, propose what the Research Question was.

6. If presented with an example, tell whether a statement is a hypothesis, theory or law and why you think so.

Describe the general structure of atoms and their constituent particles.

Relate atomic structure to the periodic table of the elements. List the elements that make up most of the mass of all living organisms.

Explain how a single element may exist in more than one form, called isotopes, and how certain isotopes have importance in human medicine.

Compare and contrast the types of atomic interactions (bonds) that lead to the formation of molecules.

Tell which atoms and how many of each make up a given molecule (formula or diagram).

For a bond in a given molecule, tell whether the bond is covalent, and if it is, tell whether it is polar or nonpolar and why you think so.

Explain the concept of electronegativity and how it contributes to the formation of polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Tell whether a given atom is electronegative or not, and why you think so. Label partial charges in a polar bond.

Draw five water molecules and label the atoms and bonds within and between the 5 molecules.

Describe how hydrogen bonding determines many properties of water.

List the properties of water that make it a valuable solvent, and distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances.

Explain how water has the ability to ionize into hydroxide ions (OH–) and into hydrogen ions (H+), and how the H+ concentration is expressed as a solution's pH.

Explain the properties of carbon that make it the chemical basis of all life.

Describe the variety and chemical characteristics of common functional groups of organic compounds.

Diagram how small molecules may be assembled into larger ones by dehydration reactions and how hydrolysis reactions can reverse this process.

List the four major classes of organic molecules and macromolecules found in living organisms

If shown a molecule, tell whether it is organic or not and how you know.

If shown an organic molecule, tell whether it is an amino acid, nucleotide, fatty acid, steroid, monosaccharide or disaccharide and how you know.

Distinguish among different forms of carbohydrate molecules, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Relate the functions of plant and animal polysaccharides to their structure.

List the several different classes of lipid molecules important in living organisms.

Diagram the structure of a triglyceride and explain how it is affected by the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Explain why some fats are solid at room temperature, and others are liquid.

Discuss how fats function as energy-storage molecules.

Apply knowledge of the structure of phospholipids to the formation of cellular membranes.

Describe the chemical nature of steroids and give an example of their biological importance.

Give examples of the general types of functions that are carried out in cells by different types of proteins.

Explain how amino acids are joined to form a polypeptide, and distinguish between a polypeptide and protein.

Describe the levels of protein structure and the factors that determine them. If shown a protein diagram, label parts that represent its levels of structure. Tell what kind of research techniques are used to determine protein structure.

Outline the bonding forces important in determining protein shape and function.

Explain what domains are and their importance in proteins.

Describe the three components of nucleotides.

Distinguish between the structures of DNA and RNA.

Tell how certain bases pair with others in DNA and RNA.

Discuss the 4 major categories of organic macromolecules found in living things, including structure, function and location of each.

Compare and contrast the general structural features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Outline the differences in complexity among bacteria, animal, and plant cells.

Describe how a eukaryotic cell can be viewed as four interacting systems: the nucleus, cytosol, endomembrane system, and semiautonomous organelles.

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Analyze how cell size and shape affect the surface area/volume ratio.

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67. Explain the process of osmosis and how it affects cell structure.

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69. Explain the difference between primary active transport and secondary active transport.

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Discuss membrane transport, including its function and various forms and why all membranes have each form.

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PLEASE ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM CORRECTLY. I appreciate it.

1. A) Describe what SexualSelection is and B) explain how it differs fromNatural Selection

2. Research a behavior in an animal andA) explain the ultimate causes of that behaviorand B) list the proximate causes of it.

3. “The southern gastric broodingfrog was discovered in 1972 and properly described in 1981. Intenseinterest followed and in the same year it had disappeared in thewild, shortly followed by the last captive specimen's death in1983. The interest was primarily due to the frog's unusualreproductive method. The female swallows her eggs and turns herstomach into a womb, vomiting up her young when they are grown. Theloss of her stomach means she doesn't eat while they develop, andher new womb bloats so much it causes her lungs to collapse(meaning she has to breathe through her skin). On the other handanother species of frog, the Túngara frog, lay their eggs in a pondand leaves them to develop on their own without any parental care”(www.facebook.com/evolutionarybiology - like). A)Compare the gastric brooding frog and the Túngara in terms of howthey balance the trade-off of quality vs. quantity of offspring(are they each K-selected or r-selected?). B) Whatother life-history traits (include: life span, number of offspringproduced, age at reproduction, reproductive events per lifetime) doyou expect to find differences between gastric brooding frog or theTúngara frog? Explain.

4. A) Explain why one can argue that humanswere K-selected species before the industrial revolution and now inmodern times see to be r-selected (in your explanation include theterms: carrying capacity, rate of population growth).B) However, in developed countries, the number ofoffspring produced per couple is decreasing every year, the age offirst time mothers in increasing (they are older when they havetheir first baby) and the cost of investment per offspring isincreasing (for example college tuition!). Explain what effectwould that have in the model of population growth in developedcountries (do you expect them to be more K-selected or r-selected?)Make sure to support your argument. C)Can human population increase forever? (use the terms: carryingcapacity, population growth, density-dependent anddensity-independent factors).

5. Study the figure below (published in Kwanoet al. 2002). The x-axis of the figure shows different locations atdifferent altitudes, with altitude decreasing from left to right(W. Java has the highest altitude, W. Mindanao has the lowest). They-axis represents the range of body length for beetles found ateach location. Two species of closely related rhinoceros beetlesinhabit Southeast Asia: Chalcosoma caucasus andChalcosoma atlas. One species, C. atlas (whiteboxes in the figure), is more common in low altitude, while C.caucasus (filled boxes in the figure) is more common in higheraltitudes. However, they overlap at intermediate altitude (fromLampung to E. Thailand). The graph shows the body length of eachspecies in allopatric and sympatric locations. What ecologicalphenomenon can explain the differences between the allopatric (whenonly one species lives in that location) and sympatric (when bothspecies live in the same location) populations? Please explain yourargument, you MUST include the terms: competition, competitiveexclusion, realized niche, fundamental niche, resource-partitioning& character displacement).

Messenger RNA (mRNA)...

a) Is a structural part of a ribosome

b) Brings amino acids to DNA

c) Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

d) Is a structural part of a chromosome

e) Initiates and directs chemical reactions

Mr. Potato is homozygous dominant (KK), his son, Potato Jr. is heterozygous (Kk). Based on this information, what are the possible genotypes for Mrs. Potato? (Hint: use a Punnet Square).

a) Her genotype is definitely kk

b) Her genotype is either Kk or kk

c) Her genotype is either KK or Kk

d) Her genotype is either KK, or Kk, or kk

e) Mr. Potato cannot be Potato Jr’s biological father

12. Homologous chromosomes:

a) Are members of different chromosome pairs

b) Are genetically identical

c) Carry genetic information that influences the same traits (same genes but probably different alleles)

d) Are only inherited from the mother

e) Are only inherited from the father.

“Fitness” in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual’s:

a) Strength

b) Reproductive success

c) Aggressiveness

d) Size

e) Age at death

The fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for the theory of...

a) uniformitarianism.

b) natural selection.

c) the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

d) catastrophism.

e) the fixity of species.

Even with strong selection, genetic variation of a population can be maintained because:

a) Selection only affects one gene at a time.

b) The effects of many alleles are hidden from selection by the effects of other alleles

c) Mutation constantly adds new alleles at an extremely fast rate.

d) Populations always go extinct before their gene frequencies are dramatically altered.

e) Only a and c

Gene Flow is defined as the:
a) Production of new alleles
b) New musical group in which Adam Levine will be the leading vocalist
c) Exchange of genes between populations
d) differential reproductive success of individuals
e) Process by which a DNA base gets extracted out of the nucleus to initiate the process of protein synthesis.

The basic unit of DNA is a molecule called a: a) Nucleotide

b) Base
c) Thymine
d) Prokaryoticcell e) mRNA

How many bases code for one amino acid? a) one

b) two
c) it depends on what amino acid it is d) three
e) four

Hemophilia is a condition that affects: a) more females than males
b) more males than females
c) females and males equally

d) only children born prematurely
e) individuals with a missing portion of chromosome number 5

A clear example of directional selection is:
a) Darwin finches with deeper and thicker beaks associated to a severe drought b) Sickle cell anemia in regions in which Malaria is endemic
c) Achondroplasticdwarfism
d) Fly halteres becoming fully developed wings after modification of a hox gene e) all of the above

Meiosis is evolutionarily significant because:
a) New combination of alleles can arise through independent assortment and crossing over

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

b) It is the mechanism by which body tissues are repaired
c) It creates somatic cells that are crucial for our body organs to maintain us alive d) It allows forensics to determine the cause of death of unidentified people
e) none of the above

Homologous chromosomes:

a) Are exact copies of each other and contain exactly the same genetic material
b) Are members of different chromosome pairs
c) Are only inherited from the father
d) carry genetic information that influences the same traits (the same genes), however, each of the homologous chromosomes can contain different versions of the same gene (different alleles).

e) carry genetic information that influences different traits because each of the homologous chromosomes contains completely different genes at very different loci

How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

a) 46 b) 23 c) 22 d) 24 e) 45

What is the scientific method? Use bullet points to describe the 4 major components.

How is a hypothesis different from a theory?

List the four major components (described during class) necessary for natural selection to occur [AKA Darwin’s Four Postulates] (PDF1-3).

27. Who was Thomas Malthus? In what way(s) Malthus was influential for Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection? Hint: populations vs resources.

29. What amino acids are being coded for by the gene segment provided below? Nucleotide triplets and their corresponding amino acids are:
ACA= Cysteine; AAA=Phenylalanine; TGG=Threonine; CCT=Glycine; GAT=Leucine; ATA=Tyrosine; AGG=Serine; TCT=Arginine

a) Threonine, serine, glycine, tyrosine, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine, cysteine.

b) Tyrosine, leucine, glycine, threonine, arginine, threonine, serine, cysteine.

c) Arginine, cysteine, serine, glycine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine.

d) Phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, arginine.

e) Phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, arginine, serine.

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