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Explain what mutations are and why they can be such a problem. In addition to that, please explain the similarities and differences between frameshift and point mutations. do not simply copy from your book, my notes, or a website.

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Bunny Greenfelder
Bunny GreenfelderLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Briefly summarize how the structure of DNA was determined to be a double helix. do not simply copy from your book, my notes, or a website.

1.) Choose the best response for each.

a.) The Ames test is commonly used to test whether a particular chemical is mutagenic. When you conduct an Ames test, you need two groups of plates. One group of plates contains bacteria that are exposed to the chemical of interest, while the other plates contain bacteria that are not exposed to the chemical. Why is the latter group needed if you are just interested in the rate of mutation caused by the chemical?

The group without the chemical can be exposed to mammalian liver extract to see the effects of liver enzymes on the bacteria.
Having two groups allows researchers to compare the effects of different environments on the mutation rate
It is important to compare the rate of mutations with the chemical to the normal background mutation rate. Mutations occur spontaneously even without the presence of a mutagen.
The second group is used as a control to make sure that the replica plating technique is done correctly.

b.) Frameshift mutations can be very severe. What is one reason why they are often so serious?

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes transition mutations to occur. These are particularly severe.
When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases downstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.
Frameshift mutations always occur in the regulatory region, so they cause a gene to be turned off and then the protein is not produced at all.
When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases upstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.

c.) An organism that cannot synthesize methionine is called __________.

a mutant
a prototroph
an auxotroph
an autotroph

A very specific kind of early onset pancreatic cancer appears to be inherited in the Davis family. The disease took the late Mrs. Ruby Davis some years ago when she was 44 years old. Her son Jim, now 41, has just been diagnosed with this cancer. Learning this, his daughter Karen who is 18, went in for pancreatic tissue analysis, and there are early signs of DNA damage in some pancreatic cells.

Tumor/pre-cancerous cells were compared from all three patients. Describe the differences between the three karyotypes from the three family members’ pancreatic cells.

From a genomic analysis, what do you predict about the similarities and differences between driver mutations? Similarities and differences between passenger mutations?

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