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A) How many protons are required for ATP synthase to rotate 360 degrees? Explain!

B) How many ATPs are produced in a 360-degree rotation of ATP synthase? Explain!

C) How does this account for the fact that electrons from 2 NADH molecules results in the production of 5 ATP molecules? Explain!

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Jamar Ferry
Jamar FerryLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Following complete oxidation of the acetyl CoA molecules in the citric acid cycle and electron transport to oxygen, how many ATP will be produced from 1 myristate? Be sure to show the source of all of your ATP and calculations. (Don’t forget to include all the products of beta?oxidation as well as the TCA cycle).

How many protons are required to form 1 ATP if the ATP synthase enzyme has the following number of c?subunits: (Explain your calculation). (2 pts)

a) 8 b) 12

1.

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

2.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

3.

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

4.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

5.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H+ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H+ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

6.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

7.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

8.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

9.

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

2. The free energy of ATP synthesis from ATP synthase under cellular conditions is +45 kJ/mol.

a. Where does the energy come from?

b. If the pH of the matrix is 7.84, the intermembrane space is 7.16 and the membrane potential is 0.15 V at 37 °C, how much energy can be produced from this gradient per mol of protons?

c. How many moles of protons moving across this gradient would be required to produce enough energy for one mole of ATP to be synthesized?

d. To generate a proton gradient the mitochondria use the energy of electron transport. How much energy is produced in the oxidation of NADH by oxygen (under standard biochemical conditions)?

e. Using your answer from b, how many moles of protons could be transported out of the matrix with this oxidation energy (d)?

f. How many moles of protons are actually transported in the oxidation of NADH through the ETC?

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