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The pentose phosphate pathway, an alternative to glycolysis, is used to catabolize five carbon sugars. One ATP molecule and 12 NADPH molecules are produced from one glucose molecule. Glycolysis is the most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose. Two pryuvic acid molecules are the end product. There is a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules per molecule of glucose oxidized through glycolysis.

Pyruvic acid loses one carboxyl group, and CO2 is a byproduct, during the transition step. Two carbon acetyl groups are oxidized in the Krebs cycle. Electrons are picked up by NAD+ and FAD for the electron transport system.

5. How does aerobic and anaerobic respiration differ?

6. Hemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor) to synthesize cytochromes and NAD+(V factor) from other cells. For what part of cellular respiration are the X and V factors essential?

7. Suppose an individual has mitochondria that leak cytochromes, what effect might this dysfunction have on the ability of the cell to function? Why?


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Nelly Stracke
Nelly StrackeLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

1. Pyruvic acid is produced in __________, and is the starting point for __________.

a. the Krebs cycle; the electron transport chain .

b. The Prep step; Glycolysis.

c. The Krebs cycle; Glycolysis.

d. The electron transport chain; The Prep step.

e. Glycolysis; The Prep step.

2. Which process enables glycolysis to continue to run by generating needed reactants without oxygen?

a. Aerobic respiration

b. Electron transport chain

c. Krebs cycle

d. Fermentation

e. All of the above

3. When water is oxidized by green plants, what is produced?

a. oxygen

b. carbon dioxide

c. sulfur granules

d. hydrogen sulfide

4. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons

a. return to chlorophyll in PS I.

b. are used to make ATP & NADPH.

c. are energized in both PSI and PSII.

d. are converted to glucose.

5. In the Calvin-benson cycle:

a. oxygen is used to synthesize sugars.

b. carbon dioxide is used to synthesize

sugars.

c. ATP is formed.

d. light is required.

6. Light dependent reaactions:

a. capture the energy of sunlight with chlorophyll in PS I & PS II

b. make ATP & NADPH using electron transport chains

c. energize electrons in both PSI & PSII

d. include both cyclic and noncyclic pathways

e. all of the above

7. The five-carbon sugars of nucleotides are

derived from either the ______ or ______.

a.pentose phosphate pathway; Entner-Doudoroff pathway

b. pentose phosphate pathway; the Krebs cycle

c. Entner-Doudoroff pathway; glycolysis

d. glycolysis; the Krebs cycle

8. The pentose phosphate pathway provides a means to break down glucose and synthesize

a. DNA

b. six-carbon sugars.

c. peptidoglycan

d. galactose.

QUESTION 1

Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?

a.

Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport
b.

electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
c.

Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
d.

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
e.

electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis

1 points

QUESTION 2

Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?

a.

2
b.

34
c.

36
d.

6
e.

12

1 points

QUESTION 3

The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?

a.

Electron transport chain
b.

Anaerobic respiration
c.

Glycolysis
d.

Krebs cycle
e.

ATP-Synthase

1 points

QUESTION 4

The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H+ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a FADH2 molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.

a.

three; two
b.

three; three
c.

two; two
d.

two; three

1 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?

a.

glucose, oxygen, ADP
b.

ATP, carbon dioxide
c.

oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
d.

ATP, glucose, oxygen
e.

glucose, ATP

1 points

QUESTION 6

What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?

a.

NADH molecules
b.

oxygen (O2)
c.

ATP
d.

NADH and FADH2 molecules
e.

The H+ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space

1 points

QUESTION 7

Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 8

Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.

a.

three; three
b.

two; two
c.

one; two
d.

two; three
e.

one; three

1 points

QUESTION 9

Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 11

Glycolysis occurs:

a.

on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.
b.

in the cytosol.
c.

in the inner-membrane space.
d.

in the nucleus of the cell.
e.

in the matrix of mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:

a.

the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.
b.

a buildup of lactic acid.
c.

an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
d.

the large amounts of CO2 building up in the muscle.

1 points

QUESTION 13

A required reactant for glycolysis is:

a.

the electron transport chain.
b.

carbon dioxide.
c.

oxygen.
d.

NAD+.
e.

mitochondria.

1 points

QUESTION 14

NADH is produced in all of the following except:

a.

the electron transport chain.
b.

the Krebs cycle.
c.

glycolysis.

Question 1 Organisms exist which are able to survive using only glycolysis (i.e. without using oxidative phosphorylation).
True
False

Question 2 Glycolysis occurs:
a. in the matrix of mitochondria.
b. in the inner-membrane space.
c. in the cytosol.
d. in the nucleus of the cell.
e. on enzymes located in the inner-membrane.

Question 3 Muscle soreness associated with strenuous exercise is due to:
a. the large amounts of CO2 building up in the muscle.
b. an excessive amount of ATP that builds up during exercise.
c. a buildup of lactic acid.
d. the production of alcohol during anaerobic respiration.

Question 4 Each ADP molecule contains ________ phosphates, and each ATP molecule contains ________ phosphates.
a. two; three
b. two; two
c. three; three
d. one; three
e. one; two

Question 5 The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the following metabolic pathways?
a. Glycolysis
b. Electron transport chain
c. Krebs cycle
d. Anaerobic respiration
e. ATP-Synthase

Question 6 NADH is produced in all of the following except:
a. the electron transport chain.
b. glycolysis.
c. the Krebs cycle.

Question 7 Consider a bacterial cell that performs anaerobic respiration. If that bacterial cell had access to six molecules of glucose to use, how many ATP molecules would it be able to produce?
a. 36
b. 6
c. 12
d. 34
e. 2

Question 8 The majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced during glycolysis.
True
False

Question 9 What powers the enzyme ATP-Synthase?
a. The H+ gradient between the matrix and inner-membrane space
b. ATP
c. oxygen (O2)
d. NADH molecules
e. NADH and FADH2 molecules

Question 10 Which of the following list contains only products of cellular respiration?
a. ATP, glucose, oxygen
b. ATP, carbon dioxide
c. oxygen, ADP, carbon dioxide
d. glucose, ATP
e. glucose, oxygen, ADP

Question 11 Adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP is an endergonic reaction. True False

Question 12 The electron transport chain uses the energy in NADH and FADH2 to pump H+ ions from the matrix to the innermembrane space. The H+ gradient is then used to power ATP-Synthase. Enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a molecule of NADH to produce ______ ATP molecules, while enough H+ is pumped from the energy in a FADH2 molecule to produce ______ ATP molecules.
a. two; three
b. three; three
c. three; two
d. two; two

Question 13 Which of the following is the correct order of the three stages of cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport
b. Krebs cycle, electron transport, glycolysis
c. electron transport, Krebs cycle, glycolysis
d. electron transport, glycolysis, Krebs cycle
e. Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport

Question 14 A required reactant for glycolysis is:
a. carbon dioxide.
b. mitochondria.
c. NAD+.
d. the electron transport chain.
e. oxygen.

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