2) Consider the large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) and the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis). The males of these two species have different calls to attract females. These two species exist together on some islands (sympatric) but each also exist on some islands alone (allopatric). (12 points) a) In which populations do you think it is more likely to observe strong prezygotic reproductive isolation when attempting to hybridize these finches in the lab?(circle one)
Sympatric populations or Allopatric populations
b) Explain the reasons for your expectation in (a). In your answer, be sure to fully explain the underlying reason you expect prezygotic isolation to be stronger in one set of populations versus the other and discuss how you expect hybridization to affect the fitness of the parents and the resulting offspring involved in a hybridization event, being specific to these two species of ground finches.
2) Consider the large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) and the medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis). The males of these two species have different calls to attract females. These two species exist together on some islands (sympatric) but each also exist on some islands alone (allopatric). (12 points) a) In which populations do you think it is more likely to observe strong prezygotic reproductive isolation when attempting to hybridize these finches in the lab?(circle one)
Sympatric populations or Allopatric populations
b) Explain the reasons for your expectation in (a). In your answer, be sure to fully explain the underlying reason you expect prezygotic isolation to be stronger in one set of populations versus the other and discuss how you expect hybridization to affect the fitness of the parents and the resulting offspring involved in a hybridization event, being specific to these two species of ground finches.
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QUESTION 5
The vast numbers of finch species on the Galapagos Islands arevery closely related and differ primarily by feedingspecializations. What process best explains this distribution ofspecies?
sympatric speciation | ||
mass extinction | ||
adaptive radiation | ||
polyploidy |
10 points
QUESTION 6
Frogs "croak" at night to lure females for mating. Females areattracted only to the song of their species. This is an exampleof
mechanical isolation | ||
temporal isolation | ||
habitat isolation | ||
behavioral isolation |
10 points
QUESTION 7
To prepare for a hiking trip in the Appalachian mountains, youbuy several field guides for the region from a used bookstore. Younotice that the older guides list a single species of tigerswallowtail butterfly, Papilio glaucus, and an Appalachianmorph of this species. However, the newest guide list two separatespecies, P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis. Theauthors of this guide state that the biological species concept wasused in determining their classifications. What do you think ledthem to list two separate species of tiger swallowtail?
The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis interbreed in the wild | ||
The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have a genomic similarity of 99% | ||
The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild | ||
The discovery that P. glaucus and P.appalachiensis have distinct differences in wingcoloration |
10 points
QUESTION 8
A scientist is studying a population of crickets and finds thatthere is variation in the songs used by males to call for mates.Some males call with high pitched, 3 chirp songs and some call withlow pitched, 4 chirp songs. However, offspring from the two typesof males are able to interbreed, so the scientist classifies thepopulation as a single cricket species and goes on to anotherproject. One year later, a mutation arises in a female cricket thatmakes her unable to hear high frequencies. Ten years later, agraduate student returns to the same cricket population anddiscovers that there are now two distinct cricket species in thearea, although they appear morphologically identical. What is themost likely explanation?
Temporal isolation has led to allopatric speciation | ||
Sexual selection has led to sympatric speciation | ||
Habitat isolation has led to allopatric speciation | ||
Gametic isolation has led to sympatric speciation |