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Explain how waterborne diseases can best be eliminated by Filtration of drinking water, Chlorination of drinking water or Carriers discovered?

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

Fluid and electrolyte balance is a focus of Chapter 9. Dangersof both dehydration and overhydration (hyponatremia) are discussed.Research vacillates on how much we should be drinking; do you thinkthirst is the best indicator? How much water do you think we shouldbe drinking? Why? Do you think bottled water is better for you thantap water, or not? Why? Do you drink extra water/bottled water- andif so, why? What do you think of sports beverages? Healthy, useful,or marketing hype? Do you like them? Do you think they arenecessary for atheletes?

You use water
then send it down the drain to the reclamation plant, which treats then discharges the water to a local river.

Downstream a potable water treatment plant provides additional treatment, sends it to someone’s home for use,
down another drain...

As you move into the workforce, your new paycheck will have tax deductions that help pay for these public health needs. At the same time, you might be one of the rising leaders in the water industry. How clean do you want your tap water and your local ecological environment? At what cost?

The Question is What agency established these standards or treatment goals?

Use these resources

National Drinking Water Standards

MUST VIEW

https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/table-regulated-drinking-water-contaminants

The tables list many constituents. Pay attention to the groupings provided by EPA, yet consider other groupings such as

 limit levels;

 type of material;

 or by type of problem caused

Additional resource: the bottom of the webpage provides a section titled “Unregulated Contaminants”. This is an introduction to the process of considering whether a compound should be added to the drinking water regulations. Find one or more current articles on the issues associated with one compound on the Unregulated Contaminants list.

Case Study:

Bacteria are everywhere—on our skin, in our food, suspended in our drinking water. Although the
microbial majority is benign, a few bacterial species can make us sick. To safeguard against food- and
water-borne disease, microbiologists routinely screen our drinking water for bacterial pathogens.
Animal feces contain coliform bacteria, microorganisms that inhabit the intestines of warm-blooded
animals. Many coliform bacteria are also found on plants and in soil and water. Coliform bacteria are
not pathogens themselves, but their presence indicates the possibility of finding pathogens. In contrast,
fecal coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli are found in feces, and their presence in drinking water
indicates fecal contamination. E. coli can also be a pathogen itself, so if E. coli is found in drinking
water there is a good chance that other pathogens are present, too.1
To detect E. coli and other coliform bacteria, microbiologists filter water samples and place the filter in
a Petri dish containing growth medium such as Endo agar. Microorganisms from the water grow and
form colonies, giving an estimate of the number of bacteria in each milliliter of water.
While E. coli forms colored, shiny colonies on Endo agar, other coliforms grow as white or clear
colonies.

Dark colonies = E. coli
White/clear colonies = coliform bacteria
White + Dark colonies = total coliform
bacteria.

The guidelines of maximum allowable limits for total coliforms in drinking and recreational waters vary
by state. Representative limits appear in the table below.2, 3, 4

Table 1. Maximum allowable limits of fecal coliform bacteria
(cells/100 ml)
Total Coliforms E. Coli
Drinking Water 0 0
Recreational Waters 400 235

Questions
1. Why would we want to count the number of fecal coliforms in a water sample?
2. Do 400 coliforms per 100 milliliters strike you as very many?
3. How many other types of bacteria might be present in a normal water sample?
4. What problems might Mary encounter when she uses these techniques in Antarctica?

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