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1. Organic molecules that uncouple the electron transport chainfrom ATP synthesis have what major properties?

A. hydrophilic & basic

B. hydrophobic & basic

C. hydrophilic & nucleophilic

D. hydrophobic & nucleophilic

E. hydrophobic & hydrophilic

2. What is the chemical function of the biological cofactorcoenzyme A?

A. activation of carbonyl-containing groups

B. 1 electron transfers

C. hydride transfers

D. methyl transfers

E. breaking bonds to carbonyls

3. For the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, what is the specificchemical function of the thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor?

A. activation of acetyl-CoA

B. oxidation of lipoic acid

C. reduction of NAD+

D. transfer of the acetyl group to CoA

E. decarboxylation of pyruvate

Explain

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Patrina Schowalter
Patrina SchowalterLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation reaction?

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

B. Succinyl-CoA synthetase

C. Fumarase

D. Aconitase

E. Citrate synthase

2. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle is embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane

A. Fumurase

B. Malate dehydrogenase

C. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

D. Succinate dehydrogenase

E. Aconitase

3. The addition of Isocitrate will stimulate the TCA cycle. How many ATP can you produce from one molecule of Isocitrate?

A. 10

B. 7.5

C. 4

D. 5

4. In the reaction mechanism for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which cofactor is required for the decarboxylation step?

A. Thiamine pyrophosphate

B. Lipoic acid

C. FAD

D. NAD+

E. all of the above

(BIOCHEMISTRY QUESTION)

A. Gluconeogenesis is not just the reverse of glycolysis. Briefly describe one of the steps catalyzed by different enzymes in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

B. Explain how a biochemist might dicover that a certain enzyme is allosterically regulated.

C. What are the regulatory implications for the cell with regard to ATP & AMP, given the relative concentrations of ATP & AMP in a cell?

D. Describe the function of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in overriding the control of gycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver cells in response to lowered blood glucose levels.

E. The human disease beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine in the diet. People with severe beriberi have higher than normal levels of pyruvate in their blood & urine. Explain this observation in terms of specific enzymatic reaction(s).

My Responses: Could you tell me if these are correct? If not, could you provide the correct answer and explanation?

A. Its a cellular process in which glucose is produced from pyruvate, amino acids, lactate, and other biogenic precursors.

B. They might learn that an enzyme is allosterically regulated if that protein or enzyme undergoes a conformational change modulated by the binding of one or more modulators/effectors to alternate sites on the protein, resulting in a change in its activity. And they usually have more than one polypeptide chain.

C. The regulatory implications for the cell would be that all activity would increase and concentrations would go up unless bound to PFK-1 and then the overall activity would drop.

D. Low blood glucose is when glucagon signals the liver to produce and release more glucose (gluconeogenesis) and stop consumption. Fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate mediates rapid hormonal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

E. Pyruvate is the product of both carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism that enters cellular respiration in the mitochondria when converted to acetyl-CoA catalyzed by the PDH complex. The first step in the PDH complex reaction is a decarboxylation reaction that cannot be catalyzed without the enzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). This coenzyme is a derivative of thiamine or vitamin B1.

1. Which is an w-3 fatty acid?

A) B) C) D) E) None ofthese

2. In many cases, cellular signal transduction is mediated by amembrane-associated G-protein complex. Which is not right aboutthis protein complex?

A) The complex is made of α-, β-, and γ-subunit.

B) The Gsα-subunit has a GTPase activity.

C) Depending on the receptor types, eitherGsα-subunit or Giα-subunit is used.

D) Signal transduction through G-proteins ultimately regulatesprotein phosphorylation.

E) None of the above.

3. Which statement is not right about the pyruvatedehydrogenase?

A) This enzyme is located in the mitochondria.

B) This enzyme consists of three different enzymatic subunits(E1, E2, and E3).

C) This enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Pyruvate + CoA + NAD ®Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH

D) This enzyme also uses TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate), lipoicacid, and FAD as cofactors.

E) Despite its complexity, this enzyme is not an importantregulation point of TCA cycle.

4. To maintain a proper rate of the TCA cycle, oxaloacetate isreplenished periodically. To increase [oxaloacetate], ___X____ isturned on but the rest step of TCA cycled is turned off byphosphorylation of __Y__.

A) X = Glyoxylate cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate dehydrogenase

B) X = Glyoxylate cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate lyase

C) X = Qcycle :::::: Y = isocitrate dehydrogenase

D) X = Qcycle :::::: Y = isocitrate lyase

E) None of the above.

5. Assume you have three NADH and one FADH2.Calculate the total numbers of H+ pumped into theinter-membrane space and the maximal number of ATP produced insidethe matrix.

A) 40 H+ and 12 ATP
B) 40 H+ and 11 ATP
C) 36 H+ and 12 ATP

D) 36 H+ and 11 ATP
E) None of the above.

I put the following

1. D

2. D

3. E.

4. idk

5. idk

Can someone help me out for 4 & 5 and reassure I got 1-3correct! Thanks

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