27. Control of microorganisms.
a. Define sterility, disinfection, and antisepsis. How would you describe the relative toxicity of antiseptics and disinfectants.
b. What are examples of physical methods of control. Which control methods sterilize?
c. How is filtration used.
d. What types of agents are used for chemical control.
e. What is an MIC and MBC. If you were working in a lab, how would you go about setting up an MIC and MBC. What is a disk diffusion assay.
28. Antibiotics
a. How is the term antibiotic defined.
b. What are possible targets of antibiotics (what parts of the cell could be affected)?
c. Penicillins and cephalosporins target the cell wall (peptidoglycan).
d. Antibiotics that affect the ribosome block protein synthesis.
e. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit folic acid synthesis.
f. Generally speaking, what are mechanisms of resistance.
29. Microbial Genetics.
a. genotype versus phenotype
b. What are genes.
c. How would you describe the structure of DNA. How is DNA replicated in bacteria?
d. How would you define transcription and translation. What is horizontal gene transfer.
e. How would you define the term âmutationâ. What distinguishes a point mutation from a frame shift
mutation.
f. How is the Ames test used to identify mutagens.
27. Control of microorganisms.
a. Define sterility, disinfection, and antisepsis. How would you describe the relative toxicity of antiseptics and disinfectants.
b. What are examples of physical methods of control. Which control methods sterilize?
c. How is filtration used.
d. What types of agents are used for chemical control.
e. What is an MIC and MBC. If you were working in a lab, how would you go about setting up an MIC and MBC. What is a disk diffusion assay.
28. Antibiotics
a. How is the term antibiotic defined.
b. What are possible targets of antibiotics (what parts of the cell could be affected)?
c. Penicillins and cephalosporins target the cell wall (peptidoglycan).
d. Antibiotics that affect the ribosome block protein synthesis.
e. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit folic acid synthesis.
f. Generally speaking, what are mechanisms of resistance.
29. Microbial Genetics.
a. genotype versus phenotype
b. What are genes.
c. How would you describe the structure of DNA. How is DNA replicated in bacteria?
d. How would you define transcription and translation. What is horizontal gene transfer.
e. How would you define the term âmutationâ. What distinguishes a point mutation from a frame shift
mutation.
f. How is the Ames test used to identify mutagens.
