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Pete is examining neurons from grasshopper clones. All theanimals have the same genes but their neurons are slightlydifferent in shape. What factors that we have learnedabout might contribute to the differences? Name at least 3.

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Jean Keeling
Jean KeelingLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

We have neurons, with myelin sheaths on the axons. We have synapses between the neurons. What's the good in knowing these things? You might as well be talking about features of Mars, for all that it relates to our daily lives, right? Wrong. Do you know anyone with multiple sclerosis? MS involves the destruction of myelin. Who cares what a synapse is, and what happens in it? Communication among neurons occurs in the synapses, through neurotransmitters. Psychological depression and schizophrenia are greatly involved with neurotransmitters. Glial cells support, nurture, and direct other neurons. Research is being done to see if glial cells can be affected in a way that would prevent or be a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. More and more is being learned about the brain every day. Knowledge in this area is exploding, and will continue to do so in the years ahead. It's an exciting time in the neurosciences. What breakthroughs are you aware of, and what breakthroughs would you like to see happen in the near future?

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neurons’ “input zone” for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are “output zones,” where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

When analyzing data from cortex, we often try to understand whateach neuron does in terms of its inputs from other neurons - aspecific kind of a systems identification strategy. Most currentapproaches use generalized linear models for that purpose.

For very small systems like the worm c.elegans it must bepossible to record from all neurons at the same time, at leastoptically. How well can we understand the output of each neuronbased on its inputs in such simple systems? What are the bestdatabases to ask such questions?

The reason I am asking this question now is because the humanbrain project that just got roughly a billion dollars in fundingbasically needs such data for every cell in the whole brain.

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