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1a. What is the role of the middle ear bones in the conductionof sound. ??

1b. Compare and contrast the perilymph and the endolymph. Whichone surrounds the inner hair cell stereocilia?

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Trinidad Tremblay
Trinidad TremblayLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. Which of the following represents the most likely location of sensory receptors that monitor internal body temperature and serum osmolarity?

a. Carotid bodies

b. Hypothalamus

c. Solitary nucleus

d. Nucleus ambiguus

e. Anterolateral medulla

2. A reduction in activity in the fibers ascending in the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus that would contribute to changes in peak IV of the auditory brain response (ABR) would not be related to damage to which of the following structures?

a. Anterior cochlear nucleus

b. Posterior cochlear nucleus

c. Medial superior olivary nucleus

d. Lateral superior olivary nucleus

e. Medial geniculate nucleus

3. The peripheral receptors of the vestibular system lie in five separate organs for each inner ear, including three semicircular canals and two otolith organs. The three semicircular canals are responsible for the transduction of what?

a. Linear accelerations of the head in the horizontal plane

b. Rotational head motion

c. Tilts of the head relative to gravity

d. Static head position

e. Up-down head motion aligned with gravity

4. The receptor cells of the vestibular system are termed hair cells. Signal transduction in the hair cell results from a cascade of several events. Initially, when movement occurs, stereocilia are deflected. For excitatory signal transduction in hair cells, which of the following series of events is correct?

a. The stereocilia are compressed toward the cell surface by acceleration forces, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released

. b. The stereocilia are bent away from the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

c. The stereocilia are rigid and do not move, endolymph motion forces the K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane close, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

d. The stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia open, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral cell membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

e. The stereocilia are bent perpendicular to the kinocilium, K+ channels in the stereocilia close, Ca2+ channels in the basolateral membrane open, and excitatory neurotransmitter is released.

5. Which of the following innervates the superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles of the eye and is a constrictor of the pupil?

a. Trochlear

b. Abducens

c. Oculomotor

d. Trigeminal

e. Facial

The ____________ ear consists of the ____________ that funnels sound waves, the external acoustic meatus, and the ____________ that vibrates like a drum when sound waves hit.

The ____________ ear consists of the air-filled chamber, called the ____________ , and ossicles called the ____________ that transmit sound vibrations to the oval window.

The ____________ , also called the pharyngotympanic tube, connects the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize the ____________ in the outer and middle ear.

The organ of equilibrium is the ____________ , and the organ of hearing is called the ____________ , which is a coiled snail-like tube; this structure converts sound waves to nerve impulses.

The inner ear also consists of tubes called the ____________ labyrinth that lines the bony labyrinth and is filled with ____________ , a similar fluid to intracellular fluid; the fluids are important in transmitting sound waves.

Answer the following and provide a BRIEF/SHORT explanation for each:

A. What is the process called that the brain uses to compensate for the parts of the image that fall on the optic disc?

B. What is odd about how the hair cells in the vestibular system (also present in the organ of corti) depolarise?

C. What effect does bending of the stereocilia have on the stimulation of action potentials from the supporting afferent neurones?

D. How would you categorize the sensory afferents, in terms of receptor type (e.g. thermoceptor, nociceptor etc.) in charge of detecting touch or pressure in the skin?

E. Briefly, how do we spatially differentiate between 2 points placed close together on the skin?

F. What is the role of the tymphanic membrane in hearing?

G. What is the purpose of the so called tip links on the stereocilia of hair cells in the vestibular system (also present in the organ of corti)?

H. Briefly, why is eating carrots and other red/yellow vegetables important for vision?

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