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Adult stem cells divide asymmetrically, giving rise to daughtercells of different fates. One daughter cell is maintains a state ofself-renewal and the other undergoes differentiation. Describe themajor differences between the fates of these two daughtercells.

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Tod Thiel
Tod ThielLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1.What types of diseases have the potential to be cured bystem cell technology?

2. Are any stem cell treatment currently approved or inclinical trials?

3. What is the difference between an embryonic stemcell and an adult stem cell? What are thechanges that occur in a cell asitdifferentiates?

4. How are stem cells and cancer cells similar?

5. What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of embryonicstem cells? Can any of these issues be avoided using technologysuch as somatic cell transfer or inducedpluripotent stem cells, explain why or why not?

6. What are the potential dangers of stem cell technology?

Can you help me with these questions? Thank you!

The second experiment is described in the following abstract:

Successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. We previously reported generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, capable of germline transmission, from mouse somatic cells by transduction of four defined transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate the generation of iPS cells from adult human dermal fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Human iPS cells were similar to human embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation, surface antigens, gene expression, epigenetic status of pluripotent cell-specific genes, and telomerase activity. Furthermore, these cells could differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers in vitro and in teratomas. These findings demonstrate that iPS cells can be generated from adult human fibroblasts.

What does this tell you about the nature of the changes that take place during the process of differentiation? How would you think that the reactivation of these genes might act?

Prior to coaxing a stem cell to become a heart muscle cell, Dr. P first replaced the stem cell’s nucleus with a nucleus from one of the patient’s skin cells. What was the purpose of this procedure?

a. The nucleus of the stem cell is haploid. The cell won’t divide unless the cell is made diploid through somatic cell nuclear transfer.
b. Since the stem cell now contains the genes of the patient, the heart tissue that is derived from the stem cell will be accepted by the patient’s body.
c. Dr. P wants to use a green fluorescent protein gene to follow the progress of the stem cells. Since human skin cells typically contain this gene, transferring the nucleus from a skin cell is an easy way to insert the required gene.
d. The heart is surrounded by an envelope of skin, and this cell will provide that skin once the other stem cells divide into heart tissue.
e. If the stem cells are pluripotent, then they won’t specialized unless they are given a nucleus from a fully specialized cell.

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