10- With respect to regulation of fatty acid metabolism chose the FALSE statement from those below?
a) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by Insulin
b) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by the well-fed state
c) Starvation leads to an increase in the synthesis of ACC and FAS.
d) Adipose tissue levels of lipoprotein lipase also are increased by insulin and decreased by starvation.
e) The long-term regulation of fat metabolism is achieved by alteration of the rate of enzyme synthesis and turn-over
14-With respect to the clinical significance of ketogenesis, which of the statements below are FALSE?
a) The Ketone bodies are relatively strong acids
b) The increase of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the pH of the blood.
c) The acidification of the blood by an increase of ketone bodies in the blood is dangerous because it impairs the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen
d) A severe increase of ketone bodies in the blood occurs in untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
e) none of the above
15-With respect to ketogenesis, which statement below is FALSE?
a) Acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate are major substrates for the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids.
b) In early stages of starvation, the heart and skeletal muscle consumes primarily ketone bodies to preserve glucose for use by the brain.
c) The fate of the products of fatty acid metabolism is determined by an individual's physiological status.
d) Ketogenesis takes place only in the liver.
e) all of the above
10- With respect to regulation of fatty acid metabolism chose the FALSE statement from those below?
a) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by Insulin
b) ACC and FAS synthesis is stimulated by the well-fed state
c) Starvation leads to an increase in the synthesis of ACC and FAS.
d) Adipose tissue levels of lipoprotein lipase also are increased by insulin and decreased by starvation.
e) The long-term regulation of fat metabolism is achieved by alteration of the rate of enzyme synthesis and turn-over
14-With respect to the clinical significance of ketogenesis, which of the statements below are FALSE?
a) The Ketone bodies are relatively strong acids
b) The increase of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the pH of the blood.
c) The acidification of the blood by an increase of ketone bodies in the blood is dangerous because it impairs the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen
d) A severe increase of ketone bodies in the blood occurs in untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
e) none of the above
15-With respect to ketogenesis, which statement below is FALSE?
a) Acetoacetate and b-hydroxybutyrate are major substrates for the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids.
b) In early stages of starvation, the heart and skeletal muscle consumes primarily ketone bodies to preserve glucose for use by the brain.
c) The fate of the products of fatty acid metabolism is determined by an individual's physiological status.
d) Ketogenesis takes place only in the liver.
e) all of the above
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| Samantha Styles is a 30 year old woman who is suffering from Type I Diabetes Mellitus. She takes insulin shots on a regular basis to keep her blood glucose and body energy levels in check. One day Samantha took an afternoon nap and stayed asleep for longer than usual. Her room-mates tried to wake her up but she did not respond. She was immediately taken to the emergency room of a hospital where she was declared to be in a state of coma. Her room-mates reported that Samantha had been feeling nauseated and drowsy and had been vomiting intermittently during the last 24 hours. Samantha is clinically dehydrated, and her blood pressure is low. Her respirations are deep and rapid, and her pulse rate is rapid too. Her breath has the âfruityâ odor to it. Subsequent blood analyses were done to investigate her arterial blood pH, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), serum glucose, and serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. The blood work revealed that her blood pH is 7.08 (reference range - 7.38 to 7.42), and that ketone bodies are present in both her blood and urine. Her blood glucose level is 648 mg/dL (reference range - 80 to 100 mg/dL after an overnight fast, and no higher than 200 mg/dL in a casual glucose sample taken without regard to the time of a last meal). In addition, HCO3- ion levels are below 21 mEq/ml. 1) One of the effects of insulin is to stimulate production of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). What is the function of lipoprotein lipase and state the effect of its decreased activity on Ms. Styles? 2) How does a lack of insulin affect glycogen metabolism? Which major enzyme/s in glycogen metabolism is affected by lack of insulin? |
