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list the problems faced by terrestrial animals andexplain how annelids, arthropods, mollusks, and vertebrates havesolved them

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Beverley Smith
Beverley SmithLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. Invertebrates colonized terrestrial environments independently of vertebrates. However, they faced similar challenges adapting to land. A) Describe three (3) main challenges animals had to face when colonizing land. B) Vertebrates had some key traits derived during their existence in water, which later proved beneficial for colonizing land. Explain how vertebral column, jaws, lungs, and lobed fins paved the way for vertebrates to move from water into land.

C) List 4 different reproductive strategies found in animal species (e.g. parthenogenesis, hermaphroditism, external fertilization, internal fertilization, viviparity, etc). D) For each strategy, describe at least one advantage and one disadvantage.

Please write a sentence or twohypothesis for the first question, then describe your reasoning inparagraph form for each question. Points will be rewarded accordingto best use of key vocabulary words and proper description.thanks!


1)Write a one-sentencehypothesis before you write an answer.


Many aquatic invertebrates suchas squid, lobster, and crayfish are capable of very rapid muscleactivity and body movement. They respond to stimuli such as touchjust as rapidly as do terrestrial vertebrates. These capabilitiesof some, but certainly not all, aquatic invertebrate animals occureven though the animals lack myelination of their nerveaxons. Terrestrial animals have myelin covering many of theiraxons.Explain how these fast-moving invertebrates can have rapidresponses to stimuli and rapid onset of muscle movement in thecomplete absence of myelination of their axons. Include adiscussion of the structure of their axons that allows such rapidactivity and explain how it works.





2)Do Not Write aHypothesis.

How do aquaticand marine invertebrates that employ external fertilization avoidtwo major problems %u2013 fertilization of one egg by more than onesperm and fertilization of an egg by a sperm from a closely relatedbut different species.

A) Explain five (5) challenges amphibians faced when colonizing land and how they solved them. B) Explain the improvements reptiles evolved from the amphibian solutions (the five (5) listed in the question above) to adapt to terrestrial environment

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