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azuresnake426Lv1

28 Sep 2019

Chloroplasts and mitochondria were at one time free-livingprokaryotic organisms that formed a symbiotic relationship withprimitive eukaryotic cells and eventually evolved into organelles(the Endosymbiont Theory of Organellar Origin). Give two pieces ofevidence that support this idea.

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nicolaidoscopeLv10

4 Mar 2023

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Jean KeelingLv2

28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

The endosymbiont theory suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from ancient bacteria that were ingested by primitive nucleated cells. Biologists have proposed that endosymbiosis led to the evolution of other cellular structures, such as flagella and peroxisomes, as well. Over hundreds of millions of years, the ingested bacteria lost features not essential for survival inside the host cell.

Part B

Explain your reasoning.

Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

phagocytic

pinocytic

invaginations

protrusions

An identical arrangement of membranes follows _: the ingested bacterium is surrounded by the membrane of the _ vacuole. The thylakoid membrane systems found in chloroplasts may also be derived from ingested bacteria, because thylakoids form from _ of the inner membrane that pinch off to generate a separate membrane system.

Part E

Peroxisomes, unlike mitochondria or chloroplasts, scarcely resemble free-living organisms. Assuming peroxisomes evolved from ingested bacteria, describe three features mitochondria retain but peroxisomes apparently lost over hundreds of millions of years.

Select all that apply.

16. Which of the following statements best describes a commensal symbiotic relationship between two species? Both species benefit. One species benefits and the other is unaffected. One species benefits and the other is harmed. Both species are harmed.

17. The fundamental niche of an organism is determined by ______ factors, while the realized niche is determined by ______ factors. biotic; abiotic abiotic; biotic biotic; biotic abiotic; abiotic

18. Competition between species can be reduced as a result of character displacement. This is because one of the species becomes extinct. the species will no longer compete for the same resource. the niche of at least one of the species is changed. Both B and C are correct.

19. When they winter in Central and South America, robins form flocks and feed on fruit. During the summer, they migrate to North America, where they feed on caterpillars, earthworms and other animals. These birds are best described as herbivores. omnivores. detrivores. carnivores.

20. For your final examination before you receive your degree from Penn State, you have been given a slide that contains an unknown tissue from a multi-cellular eukaryote. You have been asked to identify if that tissue is from an animal, a fungus, or a plant. As you stare through the microscope at the slide, you remember that you learned the major differences between these cells in Biology 11. You look for the presence of ______, found only in plant cells, and the absence of ______, never seen in animal cells. But, the cells that you are looking at have a cell wall and do not have chloroplasts. You confidently circle ______ on the answer sheet. chloroplasts; mitochondria; animal mitochondria; chloroplasts; animal chloroplasts; cell walls; fungus mitochondria; cell walls; fungus

What are relative sizes of cellular components and range ofsizes for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Describe the intracellular environment in terms ofmacromolecular crowding and how this affects cellularprocesses.

What does the Endosymbiotic Theory state? Give two pieces ofevidence that support this theory.

Carbohydrates can have many functions for a cell. Describe TWOdifferent functions of carbohydrates and explain how the structureand chemical properties of the carbohydrates help them fulfillthese functions.

What are the different types of carbohydrates (monosaccharidesvs polymers) and explain why the different types of linkagescarbohydrates can have enables multiple functions.

Lipids can also have multiple functions within a cell. DescribeTWO different functions of lipids and explain how the structure andchemical properties of the lipids help them fulfill thesefunctions.

What are the different classes oflipids (glycerolipid, sphingolipid, isoprenoid), how do theydiffer, and some functions of each.

Nucleotides can also have multiple functions within a cell.Describe TWO different functions of nucleotides and explain how thestructure and chemical properties of the nucleotides help themfulfill these functions.

Why is it important to understandthe chemical properties of amino acid side chains in order tounderstand protein structure and function? Describe an example of aprotein whose function depends on its structure.

Describe the levels of proteins structure and understand howproteins