Question

Please explain, in your own words

Understand the mechanisms that enable organisms to minimizemutations in stem cells. Understand why this is important!

Know the mechanisms that can introduce mistakes into DNA, therepair pathways that deal with the damage, and the consequences ifthey are not repaired:

• DNA polymerase errors
• depurination
• deamination
• oxidation
• X-ray radiation
• UV radiation
• Alkylation
• Adduct formation

Understand the DNA damageresponse, and the types of repair, such as

• Chemical reversal
• Nucleotide excision repair
• Base excision repair
• Mismatch repair
• Double strand break repair

Understand the G2 checkpoint: what mechanisms establish thecheckpoint, and how do cells get past it?

Know what BRCA-1 protein does, and why its loss contributes tocancer. Understand the impact of Myriad Genetics