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What is sustrate level of phosphorylation? please shoose frombellow


a) phosphorylation of AMP by ATP

b) ATP synthesis when the phosphate donor is a substrate withhigh phosphoryl transfer potential

c) phosphorylation of glycolytic

d) phosphorylation of ATP coupled to an ion gradient

e) ATP and AMP synthesis from to molecules of ADP

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Collen VonLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

Creatine (Cr) is made in the liver and kidneys and then transported to the muscles, where it serves as a high energy storage compound via phosphorylation by creatine kinase. Two forms of this enzyme exist, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic. In mitochondria there is net synthesis of creatine phosphate (CrP). In the cytosol, the phosphate is transferred from CrP to ADP to supply ATP to power the muscles. Table 3.2 of your G&G text lists ΔG˚́ for hydrolysis of creatine phosphate: -43.3 kJ/mol at 25°C. creatine phosphate + H2O ----> creatine + Pi

a. Calculate the Keq́ for this hydrolysis.

c. In mouse muscle cells at 25°C, [Cr] is 10 mM, and [CrP] is 20 mM. What concentration of Pi would be needed to maintain this level of phosphorylation by reversal of the hydrolysis reaction? Is this concentration of Pi a reasonable expectation? Why?

d. Coupling ATP hydrolysis (ΔG˚́-35.7 kJ/mol at 25°C) to an unfavorable reaction is often used to drive biochemical reactions. Write the chemical equations for the CrP reverse hydrolysis and ATP hydrolysis and add them together to give the coupled reaction. Then calculate ΔG˚́for the coupled reaction. Is this reaction favorable? Justify your answer.

e. Considering ΔǴin the muscle cells rather than under 1M standard state conditions, what ratio of ATP/ADP would be needed inside mitochondria to make the coupled reaction for CrP synthesis produce the concentrations of Cr and CrP observed in mouse muscle? Is this ratio reasonable? Why?

1. Compared to the generation of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, what is a major difference in mechanism of ATP generation by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?

A. A proton gradient is not involved

B. The ATP produced has less energy content because oxygen was not involved.

C. Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in the inter-mitochondrial space

D. One can't generalize without knowing the substrate.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Because the electrons in NADH are at a higher energy than the electrons in reduced ubiquinone, the NADH dehydrogenase complex can pump more protons than can the cytochrome b-c1 complex.

B.The pH in the mitochondrial matrix is higher than the pH in the intermembrane space.

C. The proton concentration gradient and the membrane potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane tend to work against each other in driving protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix.

D. The difference in proton concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane has a much larger effect than the membrane potential on the total proton-motive force.

1) Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are tightly controlled. Which of the following are activators of glycolysis?

A. Acetyl-CoA, insulin, alanine, citrate, ATP

B. ATP, F2,6BP, F1,6BP, insulin

C. F2,6BP, AMP, ADP, F1,6BP, insulin

D. Acetyl-CoA, ATP, glucagon, alanine, citrate

2)Which statement does NOT explain, why many biochemical processes are carried out via multi-step pathways rather than by single-step reactions (or only a few steps)?

A. Multi-step pathways allow for more control points to regulate biochemical processes.

B. There is greater control over the amounts of energy that are consumed or released at any one time.

C. Sharing of intermediates between pathways is facilitated this way.

D. The end products of most pathways can usually be produced only by the pathway reactions that nature has evolved.

3) Substrate-level phosphorylation is a term given to product formation resulting in ________.

A) Lipid oxidation

B) Lipid hydrolysis

C) ADP Phosphorylation

D) ATP hydrolysis

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