Hyperventilation leads to decreased arterial PCO2.
a. What effect will this have on blood pH and why?
b. What effect will this have on the O2-Hb dissociation curve? How will this affect O2 binding to hemoglobin at the lungs and at the tissues?
c. After a person hyperventilates, would resting respiration rate be higher than, lower than, or the same as normal? Why? d. Why would hyperventilation increase the amount of time you could hold your breath?
Hyperventilation leads to decreased arterial PCO2.
a. What effect will this have on blood pH and why?
b. What effect will this have on the O2-Hb dissociation curve? How will this affect O2 binding to hemoglobin at the lungs and at the tissues?
c. After a person hyperventilates, would resting respiration rate be higher than, lower than, or the same as normal? Why? d. Why would hyperventilation increase the amount of time you could hold your breath?
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Hemoglobin Cowtown
Over a thousand different human hemoglobin variants are known.Many have altered function. Hemoglobin variants have historicallybeen names for the city in which they were identified. One exampleis hemoglobin Cowtown (Ft. Worth, Texas). Here is an abridgedversion of the original case report for this particular variant(Schneider et al. (1979) Am J Clin Pathol 72:1028-1032). The A4post quiz is based on this report.
A 20 year old white male travelled from Fort Worth to DenverColorado, on vacation. Shortly after disembarking from theaircraft, he experienced a sever throbbing headache, which was notrelieved by analgesics, and which became so unbearable that he andhis family decided to return home the following day. To thepatient's surprise, after several hours in the pressurizedairliner, the headache subsided. Upon his return to Fort Worth, hisfamily physician admitted him to the hospital forinvestigation.
The results of the physical examination were not remarkable, butthe hematologic findings indicated erthrocytosis (increased redblood cells). Other laboratory data showing the following:
| Arterial blood pH | 7.39 |
| pCO2 | 102 torr |
| pO2 | 37 torr |
| Total blood volume | elevated |
| Packed erythrocyte volume | elevated |
Electrophoresis (proteins moving through a gel according totheir net charge in the presence of an electric current) at pH 8.5showed normal pattern for hemoglobin, but analysis at pH 6 revealeda hemoglobin chain with abnormal mobility. Further testingdetermined a single His -> Leu substitution in shift for HbCowtown relative to normal Hb A. The Bohr effect (a measure of theinfluence of pH on oxygen affinity) was only half the normalvalue
QUESTION 2: Urea denatured hemoglobin alpha and beta chainsmigrate as bands in an electrophoretic system according to theirnet charge at a defined pH. The beta chain of Hb Cowtown has asingle His -> Leu substitution. Given a mixture of normal andCowtown Beta chains, order the chains according to their increasingmobility toward the anode (+) relative to each other.
| electrophoresis buffer | normal Beta chain | Cowtown Beta chain |
| pH 8.9 | lower mobility, equal mobility, or higher mobility | lower mobility, equal mobility, or higher mobility |
| pH 6 | lower mobility, equal mobility or higher mobility | lower mobility, equal mobility or higher mobility |
